Hypergravity Stimulus Enhances Primary Xylem Development and Decreases Mechanical Properties of Secondary Cell Walls in Inflorescence Stems of Arabidopsis thaliana

Nakabayashi, Izumi; Karahara, Ichirou; Tamaoki, Daisuke; Masuda, Kazuaki; Wakasugi, Tatsuya; Yamada, Kyoji; Soga, Kouichi; Hoson, Takayuki; Kamisaka, Seiichiro

doi:10.1093/aob/mcl055

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among them, centrifuge systems have been widely used to analyze the effect of hypergravity perception and response in plants. Exposures to hypergravity values have been shown to affect growth, development and cell wall properties in various plants (Waldron and Brett 1990;Hoson et al 1996;Soga et al 1999a, b;Tamaoki et al 2006;Nakabayashi et al 2006;Bhaskaran et al 2009). In most of the earlier reports, three to five days old seedlings were exposed to higher g values up to 300 g for longer durations and effects were studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-term Hypergravity Exposure on Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum L.

Vidyasagar

Jagtap²,

Dixit

et al. 2014

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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Numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the hypergravity effect on plants, where seedlings (4-5 days old) were continuously exposed and grown under hypergravity condition. Here, we have used a novel 'shortterm hypergravity exposure experimental method' where imbibed caryopses (instead of seedlings) were exposed to higher g values ranging from 500 g to 2500 g for a short interval time of 10 minutes and post short-term hypergravity treated caryopses were grown under 1 g conditions for five days. Changing patterns in caryopsis germination and growth, along with various photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were studied. Results revealed the significant inhibition of caryopsis germination and growth in shortterm hypergravity treated seeds over control. Photosynthesis parameters such as chlorophyll content, rate of photosynthesis (P N ), transpiration rate (Evap) and stomatal conductance (Gs), along with intracellular CO 2 concentration (C int ) were found to be affected significantly in 5 days old seedlings exposed to short-term hypergravity treatment. In order to investigate the cause of observed inhibition, we examined the α-amylase activity and antioxidative enzyme activities. α-amylase activity was found to be inhibited, along with the reduction of sugars necessary for germination and earlier growth in short-term hypergravity treated caryopses. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and guaiacol peroxidase were increased in short-term hypergravity treated caryopses, suggesting that caryopses might have experienced oxidative stress upon short-term hypergravity exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Short-term Hypergravity Exposure on Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum L.

Vidyasagar

Jagtap²,

Dixit

et al. 2014

Microgravity Sci. Technol.

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“…As a result, we have shown that hypergravity increases the cell wall rigidity in shoots of various plants, such as cress, azuki bean, maize and Arabidopsis ( Fig. 1; Hoson et al, 1996;Soga et al, 1999aSoga et al, , 1999bSoga et al, , 2001Nakabayashi et al, 2006). On the other hand, submergence decreased the cell wall rigidity in rice coleoptiles and azuki bean epicotyls (Masuda et al, 1998;Ooume et al, 2009).…”

Section: Cell Wall Rigiditymentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As a result, basipetal hypergravity treatment has been shown to inhibit elongation growth and promote lateral expansion in shoot organs, such as hypocotyls, epicotyls, inflorescence stems, coleoptiles and mesocotyls (Hoson et al, 1996;Soga et al, 1999aSoga et al, , 1999bSoga et al, , 2001Nakabayashi et al, 2006;Nakano et al, 2007). Namely, plant body becomes shorter and thicker under hypergravity conditions.…”

Section: Growth Anisotropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravity Resistance in Plants

Soga

2010

Biol. Sci. Space

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Gravity resistance is a response that enables the plants to develop against the gravitational force . We have analy ze d the nature and me chanisms of gravit y re sistance using both hypergravity conditions produced by centrifugation and microgravity conditions in space. As the final step of gravity resistance, plants develop a short and thick body and increase the cell wall rigidity in response to the magnitude of the gravitational force. Prompt reorientation of cortical microtubules is involved in the modification of body shape. The regulation of the cell wall rigidity is brought about by modification of the metabolisms of anti-gravitational cell wall polysaccharides and changes in the pH of cell wall fluid. Plants may perceive the gravitational force independently of the direction of stimuli by mechanoreceptors on the plasma membrane in gravity resistance. The development of gravity resistance may serve an important function in the transition of plant ancestors from an aquatic environment to a terrestrial environment.

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“…The lengths of epicotyls were divided into categories by 10 mm, and the numbers of each category were shown as percentages. 1996; Soga et al, 1999aSoga et al, , 1999bSoga et al, , 2001Nakabayashi et al, 2006). On the other hand, the cell wall rigidity of both Arabidopsis hypocotyls and rice coleoptiles decreased under microgravity conditions Soga et al, 2001Soga et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Angle (Degrees)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Morphogenesis of Azuki Bean Seedlings in Space during SSAF2013 Program

et al. 2014

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S e e dlings of a zuki be an we re cultivate d und e r micro gravit y condit ions in sp ac e during SSAF2013 program, and then growth, morphology, and the cell wall rigidity of their etiolated epicotyls were analyzed. Epicotyls g r o w n o n t h e g r o u n d o r i e n t e d ve r t i c a l direction, whereas epicotyls grown in space oriented oblique upward direction away from the cotyledons. The length of epicotyls grown in space was varied, but the proportion of seedlings with larger epicotyls was higher than that of the controls. These results indicate that growth and morphology of epicotyls are modified under microgravity conditions in space. On the other hand, the breaking load of epicotyls was analyzed using a spring balance for determination of the cell wall rigidity of epicotyls. The breaking load of epicotyls grown in space tended to be smaller than that of controls. Also, epicotyls grown in space had resistance to bending than the controls. Thus, microgravity affected the cell wall rigidity of epicotyls. Taken together, azuki bean seedlings performed an automorphogenesis and cell wall modification under microgravity conditions. Under microgravity conditions, where plants need not to resist the gravitational force, the body shape and the cell wall rigidity of stems may be modified

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Hypergravity Stimulus Enhances Primary Xylem Development and Decreases Mechanical Properties of Secondary Cell Walls in Inflorescence Stems of Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract: Hypergravity stimulus promotes metaxylem development and decreases extensibility of secondary cell walls, and mechanoreceptors were suggested to be involved in these processes.

Cited by 32 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Short-term Hypergravity Exposure on Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum L.

Effects of Short-term Hypergravity Exposure on Germination, Growth and Photosynthesis of Triticum aestivum L.

Gravity Resistance in Plants

Growth and Morphogenesis of Azuki Bean Seedlings in Space during SSAF2013 Program

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