Hypergolic Combustion in an Internal Combustion Engine

Scharnweber, D H; Hoppie, L. O.

doi:10.4271/850089

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Injecting fuels and fuel mixtures into the cylinders as supercritical fluids has been suggested as one way to increase engine efficiency and decrease emissions. In these systems, gasoline could serve an additional function as an anticoking agent. − Also, dieseline blends were shown to be beneficial for use in partially premixed compression ignition engines. At 50% gasoline, dieseline emitted fewer particles and lower levels of NO x than diesel fuel. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Dieseline with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method: Hydrocarbon Classification and Enthalpy of Combustion

Burger¹,

Gough²,

Bruno³

2013

Energy Fuels

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The use of fuel blends (incorporating fluids such as natural gas or gasoline) for compression ignition engines may aid in efforts to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter emission. The consideration and design of such blends is dependent upon the detailed properties of the particular blend. In this work, we measured blends of 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 80, and 90% (v/v) gasoline in diesel fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the hydrocarbon classifications in the various volume fractions. This allows us to track the hydrocarbon families throughout the volatility profile and, most importantly, observe changes in the aromatic content of the distillate cuts. In addition, we have used the composition explicit data channel (a unique capability to sample composition throughout the distillation curve) of the ADC to access thermochemical data, and related this to the temperature data grid reported earlier. This was done by calculating a composite enthalpy of combustion based on the enthalpy of combustion of the individual components of a distillate fraction. The addition of gasoline to diesel fuel increases the amount of light paraffins in early distillate cuts and increases the amount of aromatics in later distillate cuts. Also, the addition of gasoline to diesel fuel decreases the enthalpy of combustion especially in early distillate cuts on a molar, mass, and volume basis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Dieseline with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method: Hydrocarbon Classification and Enthalpy of Combustion

Burger¹,

Gough²,

Bruno³

2013

Energy Fuels

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“…Also, since CI engines are more efficient than gasoline engines, and gasoline is the main output from crude oil refining, the use of refinery-based blends of these two fuels (gasoline + diesel fuel) in diesel engines appears as the best choice to significantly increase fuel efficiency in an economical manner. Pursuant to these goals and considerations, a blend of diesel fuel and gasoline (dieseline) has been suggested for compression ignition engines, in particular at light loads. , Unfortunately, the advantages mentioned earlier can be achieved with liquid dieseline injection only across a relatively narrow load window, and the use of fuels with a gasoline proportion higher than 20% (v/v) will cause increasing combustion instability . Alternative methods to conventional combustion have focused on injecting heated fuels, as well as the introduction of new fuel blends. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A potential solution to simultaneously increase fuel efficiency and mitigate the engine emissions is to inject diesel fuels into the cylinders as supercritical (SC) fluids. − However, at the high temperatures needed for SC injection, these fuels thermally decompose to form coke (and other heavy products) and can plug the injector nozzle . In order to avoid this problem, an anticoking agent such as CO 2 , H 2 O, EGR, natural gas, or gasoline could be added to diesel fuels before injection. − Given its many useful properties, gasoline appears to be an excellent choice for both a blending stock and an anticoking agent .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dieseline for Supercritical Injection and Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines: Volatility, Phase Transitions, Spray/Jet Structure, and Thermal Stability

2012

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To optimize the injection−combustion process of increasingly diversified fuels, thermophysical and chemical properties of new blends are required over a wide range of compositions, pressures, and temperatures, including supercritical fluid states. Among the important thermophysical properties, the vapor−liquid equilibrium, as represented by the fluid volatility, is critical. In this study, the volatility of automotive gasoline−diesel fuel (dieseline) blends was determined by the advanced distillation curve method. Distillation curves were constructed for blends of 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90% (v/v) and compared to those of automotive gasoline with octane number 97 and diesel fuel no. 2. The results showed that dieseline volatility is close to that of gasoline at the start of distillation and leans toward that of diesel fuel at the end of the process. A GC-MS analysis of distilled fuel fractions showed that the more labile components of dieseline thermally decomposed at the end of the distillation process. Experiments on thermal stability of dieseline in a batch reactor showed no significant thermal decomposition at 400°C for 1 h. This reactivity-inhibition of the thermally labile compounds was attributed to the lighter, less reactive fuel components, which, contrary to the case of distillation, were not removed from the system during the batch-heating process. Other experiments showed that this fuel behavior facilitated phase transition from liquid to SC states, with the more chemically stable gasoline acting as an anticoking agent for heated diesel fuel. Compared to unheated fuel, the mixing of heated dieseline with the air upon injection has been improved substantially. This information is essential for efficient fuel systems and combustion chamber designs to optimize supercritical fuel utilization in diesel engines, decrease fuel consumption, and practically eliminate harmful emissions without any after treatment. ■ INTRODUCTIONIncreasing environmental concern and stringent regulations about pollutant and green house gas emissions from internal combustion engines (ICE), along with dwindling reserves of economical petroleum-based fuels, clearly point to the need for significantly improved engine combustion processes. One way of achieving substantial fuel savings is through increased ICE efficiency, which currently transfers only 30−40% of the fuel energy into useful work. 1,2 Not surprisingly, most incremental advancements in ICE efficiency and emission mitigation have been focused on the engine itself (e.g., high-pressure fuel systems, multiple fuel injections per stroke, combustion chamber architecture, turbo charging, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and after-treatment). 2 While these changes have been helpful, there is significant opportunity for breakthroughs and improvements in the exploitation of fuel properties. Although compression ignition (CI, or diesel) engines are more powerful and approximately 30−35% more fuel efficient than similar-sized spark ignition (that is, gasoline) engines, 3 the conventiona...

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“…DF would undergo extreme thermal stress for the time durations to reach the supercritical state before injection during engine operation and to cool down during the engine shutdown period. Previous studies have demonstrated severe engine failures caused by fuel coking at high temperatures [4]. Therefore, the science-based process design and development requires a better understanding of DF stability at high temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal stability and decomposition of diesel fuel under subcritical and supercritical conditions

Lin

Tavlarides

2013

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids

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A novel concept of clean diesel combustion using supercritical fluids is proposed and being investigated to address some key challenges encountered in the fuel and transportation sector. The core of this concept is to inject diesel fuel (DF) in the supercritical state to achieve clean, highefficient combustion in diesel engines. Among other challenging issues that must be addressed for the implementation of this new concept is the thermal stability of DF and the potential decomposition and solid deposit formation under engine conditions. In this work, thermal stability of DF was experimentally evaluated under subcritical and supercritical conditions in both static CO 2 as a diluent could prevent or reduce accumulation of solid deposits inside fuel pipes mainly due to an increased solubilization capacity of DF. Finally, different structures and morphologies of solid deposits observed under different batch thermal stressing conditions were discussed.

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Hypergolic Combustion in an Internal Combustion Engine

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Characterization of Dieseline with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method: Hydrocarbon Classification and Enthalpy of Combustion

Characterization of Dieseline with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method: Hydrocarbon Classification and Enthalpy of Combustion

Dieseline for Supercritical Injection and Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines: Volatility, Phase Transitions, Spray/Jet Structure, and Thermal Stability

Thermal stability and decomposition of diesel fuel under subcritical and supercritical conditions

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