Hyperglycemic emergencies: Clinical features and diagnostic criteria. A systematic literature review

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the manifestation occurs when blood glucose levels are elevated due to the inability of the body to produce insulin in adequate quantity or efficiently use the insulin produced. This metabolic dysfunction can be attributed to several mechanisms, varying according to the specific type of diabetes. Methodology: This is a systematic literature review constructed by searching the PUBMED, VHL and CAPES Periodicals Portal, using the terms "Diabetic Ketoacidosis", "Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State", "Hypoglycemia", "Diabetic Emergencies" in Portuguese, English, Spanish and German. Results: Of the 229 articles found, only 10 were selected according to the guiding question and the eligibility criteria. Conclusion: The study conducted on hyperglycemic emergencies brought a wide range of fundamental information to understand and manage these conditions. Through the analysis of the selected studies, it was possible to obtain insights into the complications and possible sequelae associated with these emergencies. In short, research on diabetic emergencies establishes a solid knowledge base for health professionals and researchers, contributing to improve the early identification, appropriate treatment and prevention of these complications, aiming to improve the quality of life of individuals living with diabetes.