Hyperglycemic condition influence on mineral trioxide aggregate biocompatibility and biomineralization

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate in vitro and in vivo the influence of hyperglycemic condition on biocompatibility and biomineralization of gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA). For the in vitro study, fibroblast‐like cells L929 were cultured under high or normal glucose concentration to investigate the effects of both MTA's on cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines production IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. For the in vivo study, polyethylene tubes containing MTA materials and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissues of Wistar rats previously assigned normal and hyperglycemic. After 7 and 30 days, the tubes with surrounding tissues were removed and subjected to histological, fluorescence and immunohistochemical analyzes of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. In vitro study showed that, under high glucose condition, GMTA reduced cell proliferation and IL‐6 production compared with WMTA. Moreover, in vivo study revealed that hyperglycemic condition did not modify the inflammatory response and cytokines production in the tissue close to both materials. Independently of hyperglycemic status, mineralized areas were observed with both materials, but the fluorescence intensity of WMTA was diminished on 14 days in hyperglycemic animals. It is possible to conclude that GMTA was able to inhibit the proliferation rate and IL‐6 production under high glucose concentration in vitro. Furthermore, cytokines production and inflammatory response were not upregulated in hyperglycemic animals; however, a decrease in the calcium deposition was observed in presence of WMTA, suggesting a delay in the mineralization process.

Biological and antimicrobial properties of the association Ambroxol and a water-soluble viscous liquid as a vehicle for a tricalcium silicate-based sealer

“…Moreover, cytokine secretion has been related to the concentration of Ambroxol administered [29]. Cytokine production depends on the cell type, sealer composition, and cytokines investigated [21,23,29]. Therefore, we believe that the undifferentiated cell line and the concentration of Ambroxol utilized may be the reason for this absence, and could therefore justify our findings.…”

“…Deposition of mineralized tissue is associated with the ability of biomaterials to release Ca +2 ions [21]. Studies have shown that Ambroxol blocks calcium and sodium channels [38] and reduces the mineral percentage of calcium and phosphate in dentin [15][16][17].…”

“…This study was approved by the Ethical Committee (process number 01007-2018), and subcutaneous implantation was performed [21]. Polyethylene tubes (Abbott Labs of Brazil, SP, Brazil) with a 1.0 mm internal diameter, 1.6 mm external diameter, and 10.0 mm length were filled with experimental sealers.…”

“…Analyses were performed by a single calibrated operator in a blinded manner using light microscopy (DM 4000 B; Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Inflammatory reactions in the tissue that was in contact with the material on the open end of the tube were scored as described in previous studies [21], and evaluated according to ISO/TR 7405-1997 as: score 0, no or few inflammatory cells and no reaction; score 1, <25 cells and a mild reaction; score 2, 25-125 cells and a moderate reaction; and score 3, ≥125 cells and a severe reaction.…”

“…A certified histologist (EE), who was blinded to the treatments, performed the analyses. The criteria for immunoreactivity were as follows: score 0: total absence of immunoreactivity (IR); score 1 (low): IR in ~25% of cells per field; score 2 (moderate): IR in ~50% of cells per field; and score 3 (high): IR in ~75% of cells per field [21].…”