We employ a high-order perturbative expansion to characterize the ground state of the Mott phase of the one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model. We compute for different integer filling factors the energy per lattice site, the two-point and density-density correlations, and expectation values of powers of the on-site number operator determining the local atom number fluctuations (variance, skewness, kurtosis). We compare these expansions to numerical simulations of the infinite-size system to determine their range of applicability. We also discuss a new sum rule for the density-density correlations that can be used in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems. ( )= á ñ -The ground state energy per lattice site E for the unit filling factor is E J J J J J J J J 4 68 9 while for n = 2 it is given by E J J J J J J 4 and finally for n = 3 it reads E J J J J J J This quantity is experimentally accessible due to the spectacular recent progress in the quantum gas microscopy [26]. We find that for the unit filling factor n J J J J J J J J var 8 24 2720 9 + for the filling factor n = 2 n J J J J J J var 24 192 396832 63 + and finally for n=3 n J J J J J J var 48 744 2946560 63 22414210034 1289925 Q J J J J J J J J Q J J J J J J J J 4 56 72 22784 9 Q J J J J J J J J Q J J J J J J + Q J J J J J J + Q J J J J J J + Finally, for three atoms per site we derive 2 18 320 3 1826 9 234862 243 + C J J J J J J + and for the filling factor n = 2 they are C J J J 6 8 1 0 12 and finally for n = 3 they can be written as D J J J J J J -+ D J J J J J + -D J J J J 3 9 12148432 135 246576902129764 14586075 D J J J J J