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Guillot-Noël, O.; Goldner, Ph.; Du, Y. Le; Baldit, E.; Monnier, P.; Bencheikh, Kamel

doi:10.1103/physrevb.74.214409

Cited by 89 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The main drawback of Pr is the small hyperfine separation (of order a few MHz), which limits the possible pulse bandwidth and thus N , since by definition N ≤ L0 c∆t = L0γ 6c . Neodymium and Erbium have hyperfine separations of hundreds of MHz [24,25]. Nd also has strong absorption, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantum Repeaters with Photon Pair Sources and Multimode Memories

et al. 2007

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We propose a quantum repeater protocol which builds on the well-known DLCZ protocol [L.M. Duan, M.D. Lukin, J.I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature 414, 413 (2001)], but which uses photon pair sources in combination with memories that allow to store a large number of temporal modes. We suggest to realize such multi-mode memories based on the principle of photon echo, using solids doped with rare-earth ions. The use of multimode memories promises a speedup in entanglement generation by several orders of magnitude and a significant reduction in stability requirements compared to the DLCZ protocol.The distribution of entanglement over long distances is an important challenge in quantum information. It would extend the range for tests of Bell's inequalities, quantum key distribution and quantum networks. [5,6]. A basic element of all protocols is the creation of entanglement between neighboring nodes A and B, typically conditional on the outcome of a measurement, e.g. the detection of one or more photons at a station between two nodes. In order to profit from a nested repeater protocol [1], the entanglement connection operations creating entanglement between non-neighboring nodes can only be performed once one knows the relevant measurement outcomes. This requires a communication time of order L 0 /c, where L 0 is the distance between A and B. Conventional repeater protocols are limited to a single entanglement generation attempt per elementary link per time interval L 0 /c. Here we propose to overcome this limitation using a scheme that combines photon pair sources and memories that can store a large number of distinguishable temporal modes. We also show that such memories could be realized based on the principle of photon echo, using solids doped with rare-earth ions.Our scheme is inspired by the DLCZ protocol [2], which uses Raman transitions in atomic ensembles that lead to nonclassical correlations between atomic excitations and emitted photons [7]. The basic procedure for entanglement creation between two remote locations A and B in our protocol requires one memory and one source of photon pairs at each location, denoted M A(B) and S A(B) respectively. The two sources are coherently excited such that each has a small probability p/2 of creating a pair, corresponding to a stateHere a and a ′ (b and b ′ ) are the two modes corresponding to S A (S B ), φ A (φ B ) is the phase of the pump laser at location A (B), and |0 is the vacuum state. The O(p) term introduces errors in the protocol, leading to the requirement that p has to be kept small, cf. below. The photons in modes a and b are stored in the local memories M A and M B . The modes a ′ and b ′ are coupled into fibers and combined on a beam splitter at a station between A and B. The modes after the beam splitter, where χ A,B are the phases acquired by the photons on their way to the central station. Detection of a single photon inã, for example, creates a state, where a and b are now stored in the memories. This can be rewritten as an entangled state of the two m...

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Quantum Repeaters with Photon Pair Sources and Multimode Memories

et al. 2007

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“…Each site also contains two magnetic inequivalent subclasses related by C 2 rotation. However, in our experiment the two subclasses should be equivalent, which is the case when B 0 is parallel to D 1 -D 2 plane or b axis of the crystal [36,37].…”

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Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Er3+:Y2SiO5 using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier: Observation of hyperfine and quadrupole structures

Budoyo

Kakuyanagi

Toida

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. Materials

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We performed magnetic field and frequency tunable electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of an Er 3+ doped Y2SiO5 crystal by observing the change in flux induced on a direct currentsuperconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) loop of a tunable Josephson bifurcation amplifer. The observed spectra show multiple transitions which agree well with the simulated energy levels, taking into account the hyperfine and quadrupole interactions of 167 Er. The sensing volume is about 0.15 pl, and our inferred measurement sensitivity (limited by external flux noise) is approximately 1.5 × 10 4 electron spins for a 1 s measurement. The sensitivity value is two orders of magnitude better than similar schemes using dc-SQUID switching readout.Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is the gold standard tool to characterize the spin and magnetic properties of a wide range of materials [1,2]. Over several decades, there has been numerous efforts to improve the sensitivity of EPR measurements, including magnetic resonance force microscopy [3,4] and using a single NV center in diamond [5,6]. In recent years, significant improvements were achieved by operating in cryogenic temperatures, where thermal noise is significantly reduced and the spins are highly polarized. In such cases the spins of interest are coupled to superconducting planar resonators [7,8] or 3D cavities [9], resulting in avoided crossing or reduction of resonator quality factor. By combining superconducting lumped-element resonators with small magnetic mode volume and quantumlimited parametric amplifiers, recently sensitivity values of pulsed EPR have reached ∼ 60 spins/ √ Hz [10]. However, these EPR schemes typically only allow magnetic field-dependent study, because the operating frequency range is limited to frequencies near the resonator's resonance. Frequency and magnetic field-dependent EPR spctroscopy can be advantageous when compared to conventional, single-frequency EPR, in the characterization of more complicated materials [11][12][13], e.g., anisotropic materials, systems with electron spin S > 1/2 (zerofield interactions), or systems with nuclear spin I > 0 (hyperfine and quadrupole interactions). Efforts to extend the frequency range include using a tunable resonator [8,13,14], a resonator with multiple narrowly spaced modes (e.g., a whispering gallery mode resonator [15,16]), or a broadband waveguide [12,17]. However, these schemes typically suffer from worse sensitivity or still limited frequency range.EPR can also be performed by measuring the magnetization from the polarization of spins using a sensitive magnetometer. This method allows both magnetic field and frequency-dependent measurements. One typ- * rangga.budoyo@lab.ntt.co.jp ical magnetometer is a direct current-superconducting quantum interference device (dc-SQUID) [18][19][20], with continuous wave (cw)-EPR sensitivities reaching ∼ 10 6 spins/ √ Hz [21]. The stated sensitivity was limited by measurements using switching readout to obtain the critical current of the SQUID, which i...

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“…The Stark coefficient is about 20 kHz/(V· cm −1 ) in Er:YAlO3 [10], and 25 kHz/(V· cm −1 ) in Er:LiNbO3 [11]. The ground state hyperfine splitting for Er ions is much wider than that of Pr ions [12,13], a spectral hole of 575 MHz can be prepared in Er:Y 2 SiO 5 according to the hyperfine splittings provided in Ref. [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Using electric fields for pulse compression and group-velocity control

Kinos

Thuresson

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. A

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In this article, we experimentally demonstrate a new way of controlling the group velocity of an optical pulse by using a combination of spectral hole burning, slow light effect and linear Stark effect in a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. The group velocity can be changed continuously by a factor of 20 without significant pulse distortion or absorption of the pulse energy. With a similar technique, an optical pulse can also be compressed in time. Theoretical simulations were developed to simulate the group velocity control and the pulse compression processes. The group velocity as well as the pulse reshaping are solely controlled by external voltages which makes it promising in quantum information and quantum communication processes. It is also proposed that the group velocity can be changed even more in an Er doped crystal while at the same time having a transmission band matching the telecommunication wavelength.

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Hyperfine interaction ofEr3+ions inY2SiO5

Cited by 89 publications

References 26 publications

Quantum Repeaters with Photon Pair Sources and Multimode Memories

Quantum Repeaters with Photon Pair Sources and Multimode Memories

Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Er3+:Y2SiO5 using a Josephson bifurcation amplifier: Observation of hyperfine and quadrupole structures

Using electric fields for pulse compression and group-velocity control

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