Hyperfiltration studies x. Hyperfiltration with dynamically-formed membranes

Kraus, Kurt A.; Shor, A.J.; Johnson, James S.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(00)84143-0

Cited by 82 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In addition, a small amount of compaction of the VLDL layer on the membrane surface with increasing pressure might increase its rejection properties. Similar phenomena have been observed with other colloidal systems (30,(41)(42)(43).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ultrafiltration of lipoproteins through a synthetic membrane

Colton¹,

Friedman²,

Wilson³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T To investigate the interaction of lipoproteins with semipermeable membranes, solutions of low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), mixtures of the two, and diluted, normal, and hyperlipidemic serum were ultrafiltered through a synthetic membrane (500 A nominal pore diameter) using a stirred laboratory ultrafiltration cell. The pressure dependence of ultrafiltrate flux showed that a concentrated layer of lipoproteins was built up at the membrane surface (concentration polarization) and that VLDL was more subject to polarization than LDL. This phenomenon controlled the observed lipoprotein transport behavior. Whereas true membrane rejection (the fraction of the solute on the membrane surface which does not pass through the membrane) was greater than 0.95 for both LDL and VLDL, observed solute rejection varied from nearly 0 to 1.0, depending upon experimental conditions.If concentration polarization occurs in the arterial system, these results suggest that lipoprotein transport into arterial wall may be influenced not only by arterial blood pressure and the properties of the arterial wall, but also by local hemodynamic conditions and by the relative as well as absolute magnitudes of LDL and VLDL concentration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ultrafiltration of lipoproteins through a synthetic membrane

Colton¹,

Friedman²,

Wilson³

et al. 1972

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Kraus et al (1967) showed that clays and humic acids could both induce positive rejection of a number of simple salts and that the combination of clay and humic acid produces even higher positive rejection coefficients for simple salts than either component alone.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Fractionation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For those instances where ions were retained by the membranes, it is not possible to use the mechanism of negative rejection of ions to explain the increased flux of ions in the filtrate as the concentration process increases. Kraus et al (1967) showed that clays and humic acids could both induce positive rejection of a number of simple salts and that the combination of clay and humic acid produces even higher positive rejection coefficients for simple salts than either component alone.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Fractionation Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Fractionation and concentration of suspended particulate matter in natural waters

Douglas

Beckett

Hart

1993

Hydrological Processes

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A scheme for the fractionation and concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) from natural waters has been tested. This scheme involves the sequential use of three fractionation techniques-sieving, continuous flow centrifugation and tangential flow filtration to collect gram amounts of SPM over the entire particulate and colloidal size range. The separation scheme is able to process large samples (ca. 100 l), within reasonable times (ca. 1 day) and the apparatus is portable. Reproducibility and potential artifacts introducing during the fractionation and concentration of SPM, particularly when tangential flow filtration is used, are discussed. It has been shown that there is a systematic increase in the content of organic carbon, Mg, Ca, Na, K, Cu and Zn with decreasing particle size, highlighting the importance of the colloidal ( < 1 pm) fraction.

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“…These types of new structures were described as formed-in-place or "dynamically formed" membranes. During the course of earlier investigations, various kinds of additives such as hydrous oxides, synthetic polyelectrolyte and natural polyelectrolytes (including those found in waste streams and pulp mill wastes) were used to prepare dynamically formed membranes (Kraus, Shor and Johnson 1967, Johnson, Minturn and Wadia 1972, Brandon, Gaddis and Spencer 1981, Groves et al 1983). These studies concluded that hydrous zirconium oxide (Zr(OH)4) polyacrylic acid [Zr(IV}-PAA] dual-layer membranes had the best performance characteristics for reverse osmosis applications as compared to many other kinds of formed-in-place membranes (Johnson, Minturn and Wadia 1972).…”

Section: Liquid Permeation and Separation With Formed-in-place (Dynammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the Zr(IV)-PAA membranes have the properties of a porous membrane with rejection characteristics that often mimic those normally expected of ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes. For example, dynamic membranes formed on porous ceramic supports show good retention properties for substances such as dextrans, PEGs (Kraus, Shor and Johnson 1967) and sucrose (Nomura and Kimura 1980). Dynamically formed membranes on asymmetric porous ceramic tubes (Dynaceram®, TDK Electronic Co. Japan) were studied for the retention of solutes (Kimura, Ohtani and Watanabe 1985).…”

Section: Separation Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation and Separation Characteristics of Inorganic Membranes in Liquid Phase Applications

Bhave

1991

Inorganic Membranes Synthesis, Characteristics and Applications

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Hyperfiltration studies x. Hyperfiltration with dynamically-formed membranes

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Ultrafiltration of lipoproteins through a synthetic membrane

Ultrafiltration of lipoproteins through a synthetic membrane

Fractionation and concentration of suspended particulate matter in natural waters

Permeation and Separation Characteristics of Inorganic Membranes in Liquid Phase Applications

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