Hypereutectic Aluminum Alloys and Composites: A Review

Miladinović, Slavica; Stojаnović, Blaža; Gajević, Sandra; Vencl, Aleksandar

doi:10.1007/s12633-022-02216-2

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 77 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The majority of investigations, based on a literature review [4], were conducted for hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (fabrication methods, heat treatment, and the addition of alloying elements). Only recently have there been more intensive investigations regarding composites with a hypereutectic Al-Si alloy matrix.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on a detailed analysis of the tribological and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys and composites [4], it was observed that the majority of researchers conducted tribological testing under dry conditions and with lower normal load in comparison to this investigation. Chen et al [63] tested Al18.5Si alloy in lubricated sliding conditions with SAE 5W-30 oil, a normal load of 0.5 N, and a sliding speed of 0.05 m/s, and concluded that there was no significant wear of the tested materials.…”

Section: Taguchi Grey Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tribological Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Composites: A Multi-Response Optimisation Approach with ANN and Taguchi Grey Method

Miladinović,

Gajević,

Savić

et al. 2024

Lubricants

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An optimisation model for small datasets was applied to thixocasted/compocasted composites and hybrid composites with hypereutectic Al-18Si base alloys. Composites were produced with the addition of Al2O3 (36 µm/25 nm) or SiC (40 µm) particles. Based on the design of experiment, tribological tests were performed on the tribometer with block-on-disc contact geometry for normal loads of 100 and 200 N, a sliding speed of 0.5 m/s, and a sliding distance of 1000 m. For the prediction of the tribological behaviour of composites, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used. Three inputs were considered for ANN training: type of reinforcement (base alloy, Al2O3 and SiC), amount of Al2O3 nano-reinforcement (0 and 0.5 wt.%), and load (100 and 200 N). Various ANNs were applied, and the best ANN for wear rate (WR), with an overall regression coefficient of 0.99484, was a network with architecture 3-15-1 and a logsig (logarithmic sigmoid) transfer function. For coefficient of friction (CoF), the best ANN was the one with architecture 3-6-1 and a tansig (hyperbolic tangent sigmoid) transfer function and had an overall regression coefficient of 0.93096. To investigate the potential of ANN for the prediction of two outputs simultaneously, an ANN was trained, and the best results were from network 3-5-2 with a logsig transfer function and overall regression coefficient of 0.99776, but the predicted values for CoF in this case did not show good correlation with experimental results. After the selection of the best ANNs, the Taguchi grey multi-response optimisation of WR and CoF was performed for the same combination of factors as the ANNs. For optimal WR and CoF, the combination of factors was as follows: composite with 3 wt.% Al2O3 micro-reinforcement, 0.5 wt.% Al2O3 nano-reinforcement, and a load of 100 N. The results show that developed ANN, the Taguchi method, and the Taguchi grey method can, with high reliability, be used for the optimisation of wear rate and coefficient of friction of hypereutectic Al-Si composites. Microstructural investigations of worn surfaces were performed, and the wear mechanism for all tested materials was light abrasion and adhesion. The findings from this research can contribute to the future development of hypereutectic Al-Si composites.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taguchi Grey Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Composites: A Multi-Response Optimisation Approach with ANN and Taguchi Grey Method

Miladinović,

Gajević,

Savić

et al. 2024

Lubricants

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, ceramic materials like alumina, SiC, and MgO, used in these matrices, are well-known for their elevated hardness, refractoriness, corrosion resistance, etc. Lastly, aluminum is particularly known for its recyclable properties, rendering it to be a prime contender for circular economy [1][2][3][4]. With rapid industrialization, the need to effectively recycle the corresponding generated waste is paramount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials Containing Aluminum Anodizing Waste Obtained by Different Industrial Drying Processes

Straffelini,

Jayashree,

Barbieri

et al. 2024

Lubricants

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With sustainability dominating the industry, recycling the generated waste from different processes is becoming increasingly important. This study focuses on recycling waste generated during aluminum anodizing waste (AAW) in friction material formulations for automotive braking applications. However, before utilization, the waste needs to be pre-treated, which mainly involves drying. Hence, four different industrial drying methods were studied to dry the AAW, and the corresponding characteristics were observed by evaluating its residual humidity and crushability index. The waste powders were further characterized using FT-IR and SEM/EDXS to understand their constituents. The initial analysis showed that the waste subjected to the drying process P2 and P1 with the lowest final humidity fetched the most desirable results, with P1 having the simpler drying procedure. The AAW powders were added in a commercial friction material formulation at 6 and 12 wt.% and subjected to friction, wear, and non-exhaust particulate matter analysis. The worn surfaces were analyzed using SEM/EDXS evaluation to understand the extension and composition of the deposited secondary contact plateaus. It was seen that the 12 wt.% addition of waste processed using the P1 technique provided the most satisfactory friction, wear, and emission characteristics, along with expansive secondary contact plateaus with a good contribution of the waste in its formation. This study showed a good relationship between the processing method and a formulation’s tribological and emission characteristics, thereby paving the way for using this drying method for other waste requiring pre-treatment.

show abstract

“…These characteristics include high thermal stability, corrosion resistance, low density and high strength-to-weight ratio. Taking advantage of the natural properties of aluminum, scientists and engineers have combined aluminum with other materials such as ceramics, polymers, and carbon-based materials to create a variety of sophisticated composite materials [2,[4][5][6]. The importance of lightweight materials can be linked to the challenges and requirements of specific industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Hussein,

Eqal

2024

RCMA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this investigation is to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum foam composites through the incorporation of cenospheres and a Mg-Sn alloy. Cenospheres, lightweight ceramic microspheres, are integrated as fillers within the metal matrix composites, capitalizing on their high strength-to-weight ratio and buoyancy. The synergistic effect of the Mg-Sn alloy addition is postulated to fortify the composite, augmenting its strength. These lightweight yet robust composites are poised to offer significant benefits in sectors demanding high performance and reduced weight, such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical engineering. A meticulous examination of density, hardness, friction coefficients, and wear rates was conducted. It was observed that the inclusion of cenospheres precipitated a decrease in density from 2.51 to 2.01 g/cm 3 with a volume fraction increase from 0 to 55%. The introduction of 0.8% Mg-Sn alloy to a blend of 55% cenosphere and 44.2% aluminum resulted in a density increment to 2.14 g/cm 3 . Concurrently, the Vickers hardness exhibited an increase from 37 HV to 53 HV with a rising cenosphere concentration and further escalated to 57 HV upon the addition of the Mg-Sn alloy. Tribological testing revealed that the friction coefficient diminished from 0.293 to 0.235 µ with an escalated cenosphere volume from 25 to 55%. The integration of 0.4% Mg and 0.4% Sn alloy was demonstrated to significantly enhance the friction behavior compared to the pure aluminum and aluminum-cenosphere composites at a 55% volume fraction. The wear rate exhibited a pronounced decrease from 1.957 × 10 -6 to 1.1245 × 10 -6 g/cm under a 10 N load, which correlated with the increasing cenosphere content. This trend persisted under 20 N and 30 N loads, where wear rates diminished with a higher cenosphere volume fraction. The composition comprising 55% cenosphere and 0.8% Mg-Sn alloy manifested the lowest wear rates across varying stress conditions. Compression testing underscored a consistent decrease in compressive strength from 160 MPa to 65 MPa as the cenosphere content rose from 0 to 55%. However, the composite with 55% cenosphere sees a dramatic rise in compressive strength when Mg and Sn are introduced at 0.8 vol.%. Observed changes in density, hardness, friction and wear rates indicate that composite properties can be improved. These composites have the ability to combine mechanical strength with lightweight design, making them attractive for industrial applications.

show abstract

Hypereutectic Aluminum Alloys and Composites: A Review

Cited by 21 publications

References 77 publications

Tribological Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Composites: A Multi-Response Optimisation Approach with ANN and Taguchi Grey Method

Tribological Behaviour of Hypereutectic Al-Si Composites: A Multi-Response Optimisation Approach with ANN and Taguchi Grey Method

Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials Containing Aluminum Anodizing Waste Obtained by Different Industrial Drying Processes

Investigating the Synergistic Impact of Cenosphere and Mg-Sn Alloy on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam Composites

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About