Hyperendemic <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> in guinea pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus</i>) raised for food in a semi‐rural community of Quito, Ecuador

Graham, Jay P.; Vasco, Karla; Trueba, Gabriel

doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12396

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The rest of the STs and CCs were randomly distributed in the community (Table 2; also see Table S2 in the supplemental material). Further, guinea pigs were the major reservoir of C. jejuni; 21 isolates of this animal species were analyzed by MLST, and nine novel STs were identified solely in guinea pigs (25).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, STs of C. jejuni from guinea pigs (the animal with the highest prevalence of C. jejuni) seemed to infect only this animal species (Table 2) (25). Previous MLST analyses have found that some C. jejuni strains may be more adapted to one animal species and less likely to infect humans or other hosts (25,29,30). The association of C. jejuni's STs and CCs with specific animal species seemed to concur with findings previously reported (28,30,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

Vasco

Graham

Trueba

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter jejuni and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types (STs) of C. jejuni and four STs of aEPEC were identical between children and domestic animals. The apparent sources of human infection were chickens, dogs, guinea pigs, and rabbits for C. jejuni and pigs, dogs, and chickens for aEPEC. Other pathogens detected in children and domestic animals were Giardia lamblia (13.1%), Cryptosporidium parvum (1.1%), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (2.6%). Salmonella enterica was detected in 5 dogs and Yersinia enterocolitica was identified in 1 pig. Even though we identified 7 enteric pathogens in children, we encountered evidence of active transmission between domestic animals and humans only for C. jejuni and aEPEC. We also found evidence that C. jejuni strains from chickens were more likely to be transmitted to humans than those coming from other domestic animals. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature of enteropathogen transmission between domestic animals and humans and stress the need for further studies. IMPORTANCEWe found evidence that Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia, and aEPEC organisms were the most common zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a region close to Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Genetic analysis of the isolates suggests transmission of some genotypes of C. jejuni and aEPEC from domestic animals to humans in this region. We also found that the genotypes associated with C. jejuni from chickens were present more often in children than were those from other domestic animals. The potential environmental factors associated with transmission of these pathogens to humans then are discussed. Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of illness and death in lowand middle-income countries (LMICs), where there are over 1.5 billion diarrhea cases that occur annually among children less than 5 years old, resulting in nearly 700,000 deaths (1). Although the contribution of zoonotic pathogens to human diarrheal disease is significant (2), these pathogens are often overlooked, and their detection may be hindered by patterns of seasonality (3). Zoonotic enteropathogens comprise a large and diverse range of microorganisms that could be transmitted to humans by consumption of meat or dairy products, by direct contact with animals (or their feces) in the environment, or by consumption of food or water contaminated with animal f...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

Vasco

Graham

Trueba

2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Moreover, a study in Ecuador demonstrated that CC-353, CC-354 and CC-607 were present in C. jejuni isolates from backyard poultry and other domestic animals kept in households (Graham et al, 2016 ). A query in the Campylobacter jejuni/coli PubMSLT database ( PubMLST.org , 2016 ) (Last accessed: 21/07/2016) showed that in Latin America, Brazil, and Uruguay reported Campylobacter MLST profiles from chicken samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age

Vinueza-Burgos

Wautier²,

Martiny

et al. 2017

Poultry Science

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Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are a major cause of foodborne gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The linkage of human campylobacteriosis and poultry has been widely described. In this study we aimed to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of C. coli and C. jejuni in broilers from Ecuador. Caecal content from 379 randomly selected broiler batches originating from 115 farms were collected from 6 slaughterhouses located in the province of Pichincha during 1 year. Microbiological isolation was performed by direct plating on mCCDA agar. Identification of Campylobacter species was done by PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, and erythromycin were obtained. Genetic variation was assessed by RFLP-flaA typing and Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of selected isolates. Prevalence at batch level was 64.1%. Of the positive batches 68.7% were positive for C. coli, 18.9% for C. jejuni, and 12.4% for C. coli and C. jejuni. Resistance rates above 67% were shown for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. The resistance pattern tetracycline, ciprofloxin, and nalidixic acid was the dominant one in both Campylobacter species. RFLP-flaA typing analysis showed that C. coli and C. jejuni strains belonged to 38 and 26 profiles respectively. On the other hand MLST typing revealed that C. coli except one strain belonged to CC-828, while C. jejuni except 2 strains belonged to 12 assigned clonal complexes (CCs). Furthermore 4 new sequence types (STs) for both species were described, whereby 2 new STs for C. coli were based on new allele sequences. Further research is necessary to estimate the impact of the slaughter of Campylobacter positive broiler batches on the contamination level of carcasses in slaughterhouses and at retail in Ecuador.

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“…On the other hand, holding small backyard for raising poultry flocks and guinea pigs are popular among Ecuadorian people as meat source. High Campylobacter isolation rates have been found among these two types of meat source 23 , 24 .…”

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confidence: 96%

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from healthy children attending municipal care centers in Southern Ecuador

Toledo

Simaluiza

Astudillo

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli strains in healthy, well-nourished children of middle socioeconomic level from Southern Ecuador were determined. Among the 127 children studied, 17 (13.4%) harbored Campylobacter sp. corresponding to C. jejuni (7.1%) and C. coli (6.3%) with a higher concentration of C. jejuni among boys (8.6%) and C. coli (8.8%) among girls. C. jejuni showed high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (77.8%), but susceptibility to all other antimicrobials tested. C. coli strains showed resistance to more antibiotics than C. jejuni strains including resistance to nalidixic acid (75%), ciprofloxacin (75%), erythromycin (12.5%) and ampicillin (28.6), but susceptible to gentamicin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

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Hyperendemic Campylobacter jejuni in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) raised for food in a semi‐rural community of Quito, Ecuador

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity of Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni in Ecuadorian broilers at slaughter age

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from healthy children attending municipal care centers in Southern Ecuador

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