Hypercrosslinked organic polymer based carbonaceous catalytic materials: Sulfonic acid functionality and nano-confinement effect

Li, Jing; Wang, Xiaochen; Chen, Guojian; Li, Difan; Zhou, Yu; Yang, Xiaoning; Wang, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.04.054

Cited by 67 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers were synthesized by self‐condensation of monomers (α,α′‐dichloro‐ p ‐xylene and 4,4′‐bis(chloromethyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl) via Friedel–Crafts alkylation according to the previous literatures . Typically, anhydrous iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3 ) was first dissolved in a certain amount of anhydrous 1,2‐dichloroethane, followed by adding monomers and anhydrous 1,2‐dichloroethane in a nitrogen (N 2 ) flow.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hyper-cross-linked organic polymers were synthesized by selfcondensation of monomers ( , ′ -dichloro-p-xylene and 4,4 ′ -bis (chloromethyl)-1,1 ′ -biphenyl) via Friedel-Crafts alkylation according to the previous literatures. 25,29 Typically, anhydrous iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3 ) was first dissolved in a certain amount of anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane, followed by adding monomers and anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane in a nitrogen (N 2 ) flow. The obtained brown precipitate was further stirred at 348 K for 24 h. Then the precipitates were filtrated, washed with anhydrous methanol, followed with Soxhlet extraction and dried at 353 K for 12 h. Subsequently, post-sulfonation treatment was conducted to obtain -SO 3 H functionalized carbonaceous materials.…”

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Catalytic upgrading of biomass into various alkyl levulinates has gained wide attention recently. Particularly, ethyl levulinate (EL) shows great potential as gasoline additive and substitute of biodiesel fuels. RESULTS Hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymer based carbonaceous materials with large surface areas and strong Brϕnsted acidity were synthesized and developed as highly efficient solid acids for the direct transformation of biomass derived carbohydrates into biofuel candidate ethyl levulinate (EL). Controllable Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and proper acid density of as‐prepared carbonaceous materials were demonstrated to be crucial for the successful synthesis of EL. Among the catalysts, α,α′‐dichloro‐p‐xylene derived hyper‐cross‐linked organic carbocatalyst (HDS‐3.6) exhibited the best results for EL formation with the optimal yield of 70.3% at a temperature of 423 K, which was comparable with those of frequently‐used solid acids such as commercial Amberlyst‐15 and metal oxides. The presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the catalytic system facilitated the production of intermediates 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural. Notably, the hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers with abundant Brϕnsted acid sites were much more effective in the catalytic synthesis of levulinate esters from ketoses. CONCLUSION The prepared hyper‐cross‐linked organic polymers were efficient and robust catalysts to produce various biomass derived alkyl levulinates with high activity and stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalyst Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…[3b,97] Forexample, Ma and co-workers combined covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with ac atalytically active polyelectrolyte by innerchannel polymerization of its monomer.T he hybrid porous polyelectrolyte showed significantly improved catalytic efficiency in the cycloaddition of epoxides,a saresult of the synergy between the flexibility of the polymer chain and ionic COF-polyelectrolyte interactions (Figure 14). [98] Moreover, Liu and co-workers discovered that porous polystyrene resins with an ultrahigh concentration of amino groups are effective in Friedel-Crafts alkylation and Beckmann rearrangement reactions.A side from the properties of the ionic interfaces, the charges can stabilize ligands or metal ions and/or serve as the catalyst themselves under basic [99] or acidic [100] conditions. Fore xample,B ruening and co-workers fabricated ap orous polyelectrolyte/anodic aluminum oxide/gold nanoparticle composite membrane for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol.…”

Section: Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous Polyelectrolytes: The Interplay of Charge and Pores for New Functionalities

2018

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The past decade has witnessed rapid advances in porous polyelectrolytes and there is tremendous interest in their synthesis as well as their applications in environmental, energy, biomedicine, and catalysis technologies. Research on porous polyelectrolytes is motivated by the flexible choice of functional organic groups and processing technologies as well as the synergy of the charge and pores spanning length scales from individual polyelectrolyte backbones to their nano‐/micro‐superstructures. This Review surveys recent progress in porous polyelectrolytes including membranes, particles, scaffolds, and high surface area powders/resins as well as their derivatives. The focus is the interplay between surface chemistry, Columbic interaction, and pore confinement that defines new chemistry and physics in such materials for applications in energy conversion, molecular separation, water purification, sensing/actuation, catalysis, tissue engineering, and nanomedicine.

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“…However, the template methodology needs to balance the interactions between templates and organic precursors in the polymerization process; this leads to disadvantages in scaling up the production. In addition, the direct synthesis methodology can directly generate pores during solution polymerization and crosslinking, whereas it needs specific functional groups and metal catalysts under harsh reaction conditions . Therefore, it poses obstacles for the fabrication of POPs with sophisticated architectures .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a hypercrosslinked, ionic, mesoporous polymer monolith and its application in deep oxidative desulfurization

Jiang

Sun

Chen

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, we used a facile and scalable strategy to produce a hypercrosslinked, ionic, mesoporous polymer monolith (HCIMPM). On the basis of structure-directing polymeric crosslinking, the interconnected nanonetwork was formed through the in situ crosslinking of the homopolymer poly(vinyl imidazole) via a quaternization reaction, and its textural properties could be effectively adjusted by the block copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(propylene oxide)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO 20 PPO 70 PEO 20 ). The maximum specific surface area and pore volume were 212 m 2 /g and 1.08 cm 3 /g, respectively. Furthermore, the synthetic framework could be functionalized via the loading of PW 12 O 32 40 through ion exchange. The obtained HCIMPM with PW 12 O 40 32 (PW-HCIMPM) was applied in the oxidative desulfurization, and approximately 100% sulfur removal could be achieved in the model oil with hydrogen peroxide (30 wt %) as an oxidant. Moreover, the solid catalyst could be recovered readily and recycled at least six times without a significant decrease in the desulfurization efficiency. As for real diesel, we also observed that almost all of the original sulfur compounds could be converted in 120 min.

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Hypercrosslinked organic polymer based carbonaceous catalytic materials: Sulfonic acid functionality and nano-confinement effect

Cited by 67 publications

References 62 publications

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Hyper‐cross‐linked polymer based carbonaceous materials as efficient catalysts for ethyl levulinate production from carbohydrates

Porous Polyelectrolytes: The Interplay of Charge and Pores for New Functionalities

Synthesis of a hypercrosslinked, ionic, mesoporous polymer monolith and its application in deep oxidative desulfurization

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