Hypercaloric Diet Promotes Metabolic Disorders and Impaired Kidney Function

Abstract

Poor dietary habits such as overconsumption of hypercaloric diets characterized by a high content of fructose and fat are related to metabolic abnormalities development such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that if energy intake gradually exceeds the body's ability to store fat in adipose tissue, the prolonged metabolic imbalance of circulating lipids from endogenous and exogenous sources leads to ectopic fat distribution in the peripheral organs, especially in the heart, liver, and kidney. The kidney is easily affected by dyslipidemia which induces lipid accumulation and reflects an imbalance between fatty acid supply and fatty acid utilization. This derives on tissue lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation that results in structural and functional changes that lead to glomerular and tubule-interstitial damage. Some authors indicate that a lipid-lowering pharmacological approach combined with a substantial lifestyle change should be considered as part of the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Also, the new therapeutic targets identification and the development of new drugs targeting metabolic pathways involved with kidney lipotoxicity could constitute an additional alternative to combat the complex mechanisms involved in impaired kidney function. In this review article, we first provide the pathophysiological evidence regarding the impact of hypercaloric diets, such as high-fat diets and high-fructose diets, on the development of metabolic disorders associated with impaired renal function and the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue lipid deposition. In addition, we present the current progress regarding translational strategies to prevent and/or treat kidney injury related to the consumption of hypercaloric diets.

Association of NAFLD/NASH, and MAFLD/MASLD with chronic kidney disease: an updated narrative review

“…Both under experimental conditions and in humans, unhealthy hypercaloric diets (featuring a high content of fructose and animal fat) may eventually lead to CKD via lipotoxicity resulting from the ectopic accumulation of fatty substrates in the peripheral organs (including the liver and kidneys), wherein metabolic inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and functional impairment eventually develop [10,[129][130][131][132] . It is, therefore, logical to assume that reduced intake of energy, by restoring the body's ability to accumulate fat in the adipose tissue (as opposed to extra-adipose organs), will improve the imbalance of metabolic homeostasis and reverse the distribution of ectopic fat in the peripheral organs.…”

Sea Buckthorn Polyphenols Alleviate High-Fat-Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice via Reprograming Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis Owing to Directly Targeting Fatty Acid Synthase

“…Overconsumption of high-fat diet (HFD) has become a popular eating habit but is also a major risk factor associated with impaired metabolic function. Long-term intake of fat-rich diets usually leads to complicated metabolic disorders, thereby triggering a broad spectrum of metabolic-associated diseases collectively known as metabolic syndromes, including dyslipidemia, obesity, hyperglycemia, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and so on. − …”