Hyperbranched Polymers for the Formation and Stabilization of ZnO Nanoparticles

Saliba, Sarmenio; Serrano, Clara Valverde; Keilitz, Juliane; Kahn, Myrtil L.; Mingotaud, Christophe; Haag, Rainer; Marty, Jean‐Daniel

doi:10.1021/cm102069w

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The synthesis of liquid crystal molecules was adapted from literature, [11] whereas the synthesis of the HYPAM core was carried out following previously published work by our group. [12] Received: July 28, 2011 Revised: September 26, 2011 Published online: October 17, 2011…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals as Templates for Anisotropic Growth of Nanoparticles

et al. 2011

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Control over size, shape, and composition of nanomaterials is one of the major concerns in the field of nanoscience today. This task has induced a tremendous amount of work, in which methods based on chemical or physical processes were developed to synthesize such nanosystems. Among the various strategies, organic molecules and macromolecules, exhibiting an anisotropic shape or a particular organization, have been used as templates for controlling the shape and size of inorganic materials.[1] Literature reveals particularly interesting attempts in synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) within mesophases of liquid crystals (LCs).[2] For example, ZnSe nanomaterials have been synthesized in lyotropic systems based on amphiphilic triblock copolymers.[3] Depending on the liquid-crystalline state, quantum dots, nanodisks, or even nanowires could be obtained. Nanoporous materials (generally silica) have also been fabricated by true liquid crystal templating.[4] Whereas the large majority of such research employs lyotropic LCs, very few publications deal with the elaboration of nanomaterials within thermotropic ones. [5][6][7][8] Indeed, the development of an in situ procedure to generate NPs within an LC medium has proved to be quite a challenging task. Most studies involve the in situ reduction of metal precursors through oxidation of the LC medium in order to obtain the desired NPs. For example, the formation of CuCl nanostructures inside a mixture of an ionic liquid and a derivative of ascorbic acid has been reported. This approach resulted in the formation of CuCl nanoplatelets with a relatively uniform thickness of about 220 nm and in-plane sizes of 5-50 mm.[5a-c] Glass-forming liquid-crystalline materials acting as a reducing agent were also used to obtain Au NPs, the size and shape of which depended on both the amount of precursor content and the LC state.[5d] Isotropic NPs of gold or silver have also been synthesized by heating LC materials doped with the corresponding metal salts.[6] In other cases sputtering [7] or electrodeposition [8] techniques were used to form NPs in thermotropic systems. However, none of the examples above have shown a direct relation between the structure of the LCs and the morphology of the synthesized NPs. For the few examples that report an anisotropic growth, structures in most cases have been outside the nanometer range. To improve such results, we suggest that three criteria should be fulfilled in order to tailor the NP morphology using an LC phase; 1) the chemical reaction leading to the NPs should not disrupt the LC organization. Thus the LC molecules should not play the role of reactants (side products should be avoided as much as possible throughout the NP formation). 2) Interactions between the LC molecules, the NP precursor, and eventually the synthesized NPs should favor the templating effect of the LC phase.3) The use of relatively high viscosity LCs should prevent a fast disruption of the organization during the NP formation.We have previously described a very simple organometa...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermotropic Liquid Crystals as Templates for Anisotropic Growth of Nanoparticles

et al. 2011

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“…Furthermore, we were able to show that the penetration of the hydrophilic dye rhodamine B and the hydrophobic dye Nile red (NR) into skin could be enhanced compared to solid lipid nanoparticles and normal cream formulations [20,25]. Besides these biomedical applications CMS nanocarriers have been successfully used for the stabilization of metal nanoparticles, in catalytic reactions involving stabilized metal nanoparticles, and for the fabrication of nanogold-nickel coatings by electrodeposition [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendronized core-multishell nanocarriers for solubilization of guest molecules

Fleige¹,

Tyagi²,

Haag

2014

Nanocarriers

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We have synthesized core-multishell (CMS) nanocarriers with different outer shells and the self-aggregation behavior and the transport capacity of these nanocarriers were studied with the hydrophobic guest molecules Nile red (NR) and methotrexate (MTX). The outer shell either consisted of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) or polyglycerol (PG) dendrons of generation one or two. NR was solubilized by all CMS nanocarriers. The solubilization of MTX could only be achieved with mPEG-terminated CMS nanocarriers. Depending on the encapsulated guest, the CMS nanocarriers showed self-aggregation. The NR loaded CMS nanocarriers all formed bigger aggregates with a radius between 110 and 170 nm. In the case of the MTX loaded CMS nanocarriers, the MTX prevented the formation of CMS aggregates and therefore its efficient transport

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“…ZnO QDs are ideal candidates as replacement for Cd-based fluorescent labels since they are nontoxic, less expensive, and chemically stable [16]. Furthermore, stable ZnO photoluminescence can be achieved through surface modification [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] emission color by modifying the surface of the QDs using organic ligands in a conventional solvent [22]. However, the surface modification process typically required large amounts of organic solvents that are harmful to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%