Hyperammonemia Reduces Water Immersion–Restraint Stress Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Ishihara, Takashi; Takada, T.; Shoji, Yoshikazu; Uedono, Yasunari; Takeyama, Naoshi; Tanaka, Takaya

doi:10.1016/s0306-3623(97)00407-2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Evaluation of the contribution of changes in Arg transport across the BBB to the availability of this amino acid in the brain cannot be accomplished without accounting for the variability in blood Arg content in the different hyperammonemic models. The plasma Arg level was shown to be decreased in PCA rats (Zanchin et al 1979), but was elevated in rats subjected to prolonged hyperammonemia (Ishihara et al 1998), and fluctuated from increase to decrease during the development of TAA-induced HE (Albrecht and Hilgier 1986). …”

Section: Transcellular Passage Of Different Molecules Across the Endomentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Blood Brain Barrier Function in Hyperammonemia: An Overview

Skowrońska

Albrecht

2011

Neurotox Res

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Ammonia is a neurotoxin involved in the pathogenesis of neurological conditions associated with hyperammonemia, including hepatic encephalopathy, a condition associated with acute—(ALF) or chronic liver failure. This article reviews evidence that apart from directly affecting the metabolism and function of the central nervous system cells, ammonia influences the passage of different molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB). A brief description is provided of the tight junctions, which couple adjacent cerebral capillary endothelial cells to each other to form the barrier. Ammonia modulates the transcellular passage of low-to medium-size molecules, by affecting their carriers located at the BBB. Ammonia induces interrelated aberrations of the transport of the large neutral amino acids and aromatic amino acids (AAA), whose influx is augmented by exchange with glutamine produced in the course of ammonia detoxification, and maybe also modulated by the extracellularly acting gamma-glutamyl moiety transferring enzyme, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase. Impaired AAA transport affects neurotransmission by altering intracerebral synthesis of catecholamines (serotonin and dopamine), and producing “false neurotransmitters” (octopamine and phenylethylamine). Ammonia also modulates BBB transport of the cationic amino acids: the nitric oxide precursor, arginine, and ornithine, which is an ammonia trap, and affects the transport of energy metabolites glucose and creatine. Moreover, ammonia acting either directly or in synergy with liver injury-derived inflammatory cytokines also evokes subtle increases of the transcellular passage of molecules of different size (BBB “leakage”), which appears to be responsible for the vasogenic component of cerebral edema associated with ALF.

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Section: Transcellular Passage Of Different Molecules Across the Endomentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Blood Brain Barrier Function in Hyperammonemia: An Overview

Skowrońska

Albrecht

2011

Neurotox Res

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“…Chronic fatigue (6,7), gastric ulcers (8,9), hypophagia (10), and insomnia (11) can be evoked by stress. In previous studies on humans (12) and rats (1,13), it was found that acute stress can increase cate cholamines, serotonin, and steroid hormones in the brain and the adrenal gland.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Amino Acids on Behavior and Serum Levels of Amino Acids in Stress Loaded Rats.

Kitajima

Shiomoto

Osada

et al. 2002

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryInterrelationships between behavior and concentrations of serum amino acids in stressed rats with immobilization and water immersion were investigated. Rats were subjected to 7h of immobilization with water-immersion stress (IWS) in each sequential day, and serum amino acids were then determined. On the first day, serum taurine, threo nine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, lysine, and histidine (increased-type of amino acids) were significantly increased, but alanine (decreased-type) was significantly de creased. On days 3 and 7, the increase was retained, except for threonine, histidine, and ly sine. Spontaneous activities (locomotion, rearing behavior, hole-poking) under loading water-immersion stress were significantly decreased, but a supplementation of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) led to recovery. We suggest that pretreatment with some kind of increased type of amino acid, such as BCAA, might effectively prevent decline in sponta neous activities evoked by water-immersion stress.

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“…The radioactive microsphere distribution technique is regarded as the gold standard for the measurement of organ blood flow, including the kidney, in experimental animals [15][16][17][18]. Using this technique, Norlen et al [19] demonstrated that cortical blood flow correlates well with total blood flow under a number of experimental conditions, including reperfusion of the transplanted kidney following cold preservation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Post-Operative Assessment of Renal Cortical Perfusion by Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Renal Transplantation in the Rat

Hammad¹,

Davis²,

Zhang³

et al. 2000

Eur Surg Res

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Renal blood flow (RBF) in the period immediately following transplantation has an important prognostic value. Here we report for the first time on the use of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) for the measurement of renal cortical perfusion (RCP) during all the important steps in renal transplantation. Left orthotopic kidney transplantation was performed in Lewis rats (n = 14) after 2 h of cold ischaemia and preservation in EuroCollins solution. Under baseline conditions, RCP in the donor and recipient kidneys were similar with a coefficient of variability of 11 and 12%, respectively. There was a progressive increase in RCP during the first 60 min after transplantation with a return to normal values 2 weeks later. In conclusion, LDF provides a rapid and continuous measure of RCP without interference to the operative site and may prove a useful tool for the measurement of RBF during kidney transplantation.

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Hyperammonemia Reduces Water Immersion–Restraint Stress Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Alterations of Blood Brain Barrier Function in Hyperammonemia: An Overview

Alterations of Blood Brain Barrier Function in Hyperammonemia: An Overview

Effect of Dietary Amino Acids on Behavior and Serum Levels of Amino Acids in Stress Loaded Rats.

Intra- and Post-Operative Assessment of Renal Cortical Perfusion by Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Renal Transplantation in the Rat

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