Hyolitha from the Early Paleozoic glacial erratic boulders (Geschiebe) of Germany and Poland

Abstract

Hyoliths from glacial erratic boulders, or Geschiebe, from northern Germany and Poland include representatives of Hyolithes acutus Eichwald, 1840, the type of the genus. Geschiebe individuals of that taxon reinforce and augment the revised generic concept of Hyolithes of Malinky (2006), and extend the range of morphologic variation in terms of longitudinal sculptural elements and apical curvature. Occurrences in the Geschiebe of Crispatella Malinky, 2002 and Dorsolinevitus Syssoiev, 1958, reinforce the notion of distinct hyolith paleobiogeographic provinces in the Ordovician, with these forms belonging to the Baltic province of . Operculum A is the first operculum identified to possess an epibiont on the exterior. Hyolithes esthonus Koken, 1889 is herein transferred to Dorsolinevitus with question, and several other specimens are assigned to that genus but left in open nomenclature at the species level. Nevadotheca? sp. and Holmitheca? sp. are both recognized from Early Cambrian erratic sandstone boulders, suggesting that these forms lived in shallower, more nearshore environments than their occurrences elsewhere would suggest. "Hyolithes" vaginati (Quenstedt, 1852), the first hyolith species recognized from a boulder, is deemed unrecognizable due to inadequate preservation. The supposed Silurian hyolith Ceratotheca erratica (Koken, 1889) is herein transferred to the Gastropoda.

Soft‐bottom tube worms: from irregular to programmed shell growth

“…Furthermore, it would be interesting to test ‘recliners’ in other phyla for the possibility of active resurrection. The serpulid model might also be helpful in the interpretation of problematic taxa, such as the hyolitids, the stiff appendages (helens) of which may have been used for resurrection as well as stabilization, while the ‘rocking profile’ in many forms (Malinky 2007) resembles that in the suspected rugose resurrector Calceola (Seilacher 2005).…”

Taxonomy and ontogeny of the Lituitida (Cephalopoda) from Orthoceratite Limestone erratics (Middle Ordovician)

“…The most important index macrofossils of the Orthoceratite Limestone are trilobites ) and orthoconic cephalopods (King 1999;Kröger 2004bKröger , 2006Kröger , 2012. The fossil content of the Orthoceratite Limestone, together with lithological features, enable the determination of the source areas and stratigraphic levels of erratic boulders (e.g., Remelé 1883;Hucke 1967;Neben & Krueger 1971;Dzik & Kiselev 1995;Malinky 2007;Maletz & Schöning 2017).…”

Plywood‐like shell microstructures in hyoliths from the middle Cambrian (Drumian) Gowers Formation, Georgina Basin, Australia

“…There have also been numerous reports that hyolith conchs break or exfoliate in such a way as to suggest that they are composed of multiple (often two or three) distinct layers (e.g. Walcott ; Remelé ; Novák ; Holm ; Berg‐Madsen & Malinky ; Malinky , , , ); in many cases, some of these layers bear longitudinal ornament and others bear transverse ornament, perhaps recording microstructural elements of different orientations.…”