The Orussidae is a small family of parasitic wasps, comprising 75 species worldwide. It occupies a key position within the Hymenoptera, being the sistergroup of the Apocrita, a taxon containing all other parasitic wasps. In total, 163 morphological characters were scored for 74 species of Orussidae and five outgroup taxa. The dataset was analysed under different weighting schemes. The results do not support a single phylogenetic hypothesis, but most relationships were retrieved in the majority of the cladistic analyses. Earlier attempts at tribal and subfamily classifications of the Orussidae are not corroborated. Enforcing a strictly cladistic classification at these levels would require the recognition of many redundant taxa without enhancing the information content. It is proposed that formal recognition of tribes and subfamilies within the Orussidae be abandoned. The generic concepts of the family are revised. Sixteen genera are recognized; detailed descriptions and illustrations of each are provided, as is a key to the genera.