Hymenochaetales: a molecular phylogeny for the hymenochaetoid clade

Abstract

The hymenochaetoid clade is dominated by wood-decaying species previously classified in the artificial families Corticiaceae, Polyporaceae and Stereaceae. The majority of these species cause a white rot. The polypore Bridgeoporus and several corticicoid species with inconspicuous basidiomata live in association with brown-rotted wood, but their nutritional strategy is not known. Mycorrhizal habit is reported for Coltricia perennis but needs confirmttion. A surprising element in the hymenochaetoid clade is a group of small white to brightly pigmented agarics earlier classified in Omphalina. They form a subclade together with some similarly colored stipitate stereoid and corticioid species. Several are associated with living mosses or one-celled green algae. Hyphoderma pratermissum and some related corticioid species have specialized organs for trapping and killing nematodes as a source of nitrogen. There are no unequivocal morphological synapomorphies known for the hymenochaetoid clade. However almost all species examined ultrastructurally have dolipore septa with continuous parenthesomes while perforate parenthesomes is the normal condition for other homobasidiomycete clades. The agaricoid Hymenochaetales have not been examined. Within Hymenochaetales the Hymenochaetaceae forms a distinct clade but unfortunately all morphological characters supporting Hymenochaetaceae also are found in species outside the clade. Other subclades recovered by the molecular phylogenetic analyses are less uniform, and the overall resolution within the nuclear LSU tree presented here is still unsatisfactory.

Two new species of Fulvifomes (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from America

“…Wagner and Fischer (2002) confirmed Fulvifomes as an independent genus in Hymenochaetaceae based on nuclear-encoded large subunit rRNA gene (nLSU) sequences. Larsson et al (2006) acknowledged that Fulvifomes was closely related to a clade hosting Aurificaria luteoumbrina (Romell) D.A. Reid and Inonotus porrectus Murrill with phylogenetic evidence.…”

Characterization of Three mnp Genes of Fomitiporia mediterranea and Report of Additional Class II Peroxidases in the Order Hymenochaetales

“…Members of this clade are almost exclusively wood-decaying white rot fungi and confirmed brown rot fungi are not present, but a few cases of ectomycorrhizal symbionts have been reported (31). Decay activity is usually described as mostly saprotrophic, but some species, notably Porodaedalea pini and Phellinus igniarius, qualify as timber pathogens (31). Two Phellinus species demonstrably decolorize textile dyes, a trait commonly attributed to phenoloxidase activity, but the actual enzymes involved have not been identified (1,45).…”

“…The Hymenochaetales are a major order of the Agaricomycotina situated in a more basal position than the Polyporales and Agaricales (23). Members of this clade are almost exclusively wood-decaying white rot fungi and confirmed brown rot fungi are not present, but a few cases of ectomycorrhizal symbionts have been reported (31). Decay activity is usually described as mostly saprotrophic, but some species, notably Porodaedalea pini and Phellinus igniarius, qualify as timber pathogens (31).…”

Morphological and molecular studies on Resinicium s. str.

“…& Hjortstam, Corticiaceae North Europe 6: 1271. First published as a Mycoacia species (Eriksson 1949), Larsson et al (2006) showed with nLSU rRNA gene sequence data that R. pinicola is a member of the Resinicium s.l. clade.…”

“…Previous phylogenetic studies employing the large subunit ribosomal RNA (nLSU rRNA) gene sequences placed R. bicolor and related taxa in the hymenochaetoid clade (Hibbett and Binder 2002;Binder et al 2005;Larsson et al 2004Larsson et al , 2006. To confirm their placement in the hymeno chaetoid clade, the nSSU rRNA genes of nine Resinicium and allied taxa were sequenced.…”