Hygrothermal Performance of a Massive Stone Wall with Interior Insulation: An In-situ Study for Developing a Retrofit Measure

Klõšeiko, Paul; Kalamees, Targo; Arumägi, Endrik; Kallavus, Urve

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.139

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Several in situ measurements of hygrothermal performance of interior thermal insulation systems were presented to justify their proper function as well. The papers presented, for example, by Pavlík and Černý (2008), Pavlík et al (2005), Galliano et al (2015), Said et al (2003), Toman et al (2009), Vereecken and Roels (2014), Wegerer et al (2015), Kloseiko et al (2015), and Ghazi Wakili et al (2014) belong to the most characteristic examples that can be found in the scientific literature in that respect. In the beginning of the design, a common practice was to use vapor tight systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and hygric assessment of an inside-insulated brick wall: 2D critical experiment and computational analysis

Kočí

Maděra

et al. 2018

Journal of Building Physics

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A combined experimental-computational approach is used for the analysis of hygrothermal performance of a brick wall provided with interior thermal insulation system. A 2D laboratory experiment is performed to determine temperature and moisture fields in a characteristic segment of the envelope over a sufficiently long period including cold winter months. Then, a computational model of moisture and heat transport is developed, using an integral two-phase balance equation capable of distinguishing between the particular phases of water and an enthalpy-based heat balance equation. A 2D computational representation of the experiment is used for model calibration and identification of unknown parameters, resulting in a very good agreement of experimental and calculated fields, with R 2 between 0.9687 and 0.9888. The calibrated model is subsequently used for a long-term hygrothermal assessment of the studied detail to demonstrate the functionality of the interior thermal insulation system, as well as the applicability of the developed model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and hygric assessment of an inside-insulated brick wall: 2D critical experiment and computational analysis

Kočí

Maděra

et al. 2018

Journal of Building Physics

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“…10 However, this type of intervention may not always guarantee the prevention of dampness and the risk of mould growth in case of considerable built-in moisture and inadequate detailing, among other factors. 11,12 Hence, the assessment of risks related to mould should be of concern when evaluating the installation of IWI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the airflow pattern inside air gaps on the assessment of interstitial mould: A theoretical approach

Efthymiopoulos

Altamirano

Aktaş

2021

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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Internal wall insulation is one of the few, possibly, the only feasible solution to efficiently reduce heat losses through the external walls of buildings where the application of external insulation is not an option, for example, in conservation areas. However, the application of this intervention may lead to unintended consequences, such as moisture accumulation and mould growth. Currently, no international standards and regulations exist to evaluate these hazards via non-destructive inspections. Air sampling through impaction and culture-based analysis was suggested in previous research as a potential non-disruptive methodology for interstitial mould testing. The method requires the perforation of the inner side of a wall and the creation of airflow through the operation of a pump, to allow the collection of particles from the confined space of interest. The present study aimed to assess the location of perforations and their effect on the airflow created and the airflow pattern variations due to changes in the airflow velocity at the outlet. Results regarding airflow features such as the turbulence intensity, dynamic pressure and volume-averaged velocity were also extracted and discussed. Practical application: The rapid changes in climate and net-zero emissions targets call for major improvements of the existing building stock towards a more sustainable future. The installation of internal wall insulation is one of the few and might be the only feasible solution for the efficient reduction of heat losses through uninsulated walls. However, this intervention might lead to moisture accumulation and thus moisture-related problems such as mould growth. This study aims to build upon previous work on interstitial mould growth assessment and contribute to the development of a well-defined testing protocol for building professionals.

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“…During the period of monitoring, very high relative humidity was observed. The research led to the conclusion that drying of the masonry wall before insulation should be taken into account and neglect to do so will cause overall high relative humidity levels throughout the structure and potential risk of mold growth [20]. In another research carried out in Estonia by Kloseiko et al, four different insulation materials (polyurethane, polisocyanurate, aerated concrete and calcium silicate) were tested.…”

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confidence: 99%

Study of Hygrothermal Processes in External Walls with Internal Insulation

Biseniece

Freimanis

Purviņš

et al. 2018

Environmental and Climate Technologies

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Being an important contributor to the final energy consumption, historic buildings built before 1945 have high specific heating energy consumption compared to current energy standards and norms. However, they often cannot be insulated from the outside due to their heritage and culture value. Internal insulation is an alternative. However internal insulation faces challenges related to hygrothermal behaviour leading to mold growth, freezing, deterioration and other risks. The goal of this research is to link hygrothermal simulation results with experimental results for internally insulated historic brick masonry to assess correlation between simulated and measured data as well as the most influential parameters. The study is carried out by both a mathematical simulation tool and laboratory tests of historic masonry with internal insulation with four insulation materials (mineral wool, EPS, wood fiber and granulated aerogel) in a cold climate (average 4000 heating degree days). We found disparity between measured and simulated hygrothermal performance of studied constructions due to differences in material parameters and initial conditions of materials. The latter plays a more important role than material parameters. Under a steady state of conditions, the condensate tolerating system varies between 72.7 % and 80.5 % relative humidity, but in condensate limiting systems relative humidity variates between 73.3 % and 82.3 %. The temperature between the masonry wall and all insulation materials has stabilized on average at +10 °C. Mold corresponding to Mold index 3 was discovered on wood fiber mat.

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Hygrothermal Performance of a Massive Stone Wall with Interior Insulation: An In-situ Study for Developing a Retrofit Measure

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Thermal and hygric assessment of an inside-insulated brick wall: 2D critical experiment and computational analysis

Thermal and hygric assessment of an inside-insulated brick wall: 2D critical experiment and computational analysis

The effect of the airflow pattern inside air gaps on the assessment of interstitial mould: A theoretical approach

Study of Hygrothermal Processes in External Walls with Internal Insulation

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