Hygrothermal performance evaluation of traditional brick masonry in historic buildings

Litti, Giovanni; Khoshdel, Somayeh; Audenaert, Amaryllis; Braet, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.07.049

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Several studies have used IRT technique for the qualitative evaluation of existing walls [75] [125] in order to assess their morphology [114], to find the presence of nonhomogeneities, thermal bridges, and damage (such as decay, cracks, etc.) [126], for moisture detection and hygrothermal performance evaluation [127], to evaluate the thermal behavior of the building [128], to assess the impact of retrofitting actions [113], and to identify the best position for the placement of HFM sensors [82]. Kordatos et al [129] have also used IRT to evaluate the degradation of murals in historic monuments.…”

Section: In-situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and in-situ non-destructive methods to evaluate the thermal transmittance and behavior of walls, windows, and construction elements with innovative materials: A review

Soares

Martins

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

Energy and Buildings

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The experimental characterization of the overall thermal transmittance of homogeneous, moderately-and non-homogeneous walls, windows, and construction elements with innovative materials is very important to predict their thermal performance. It is also important to evaluate if the standard calculation methods to estimate the U-value of new and existing walls can be applied to more complex configurations, since the correct estimation of this value is a critical requirement when performing building energy simulations or energy audit. This paper provides a survey on the main methods to measure the thermal transmittance and thermal behaviour of construction elements, considering laboratory conditions and in-situ non-destructive measurements. Five methods are described: the heat flow meter (HFM); the guarded hot plate (GHP); the hot box (HB), considering the guarded HB (GHB) and the calibrated HB (CHB); and the infrared thermography (IRT). Then, previous studies dedicated to the assessment of the thermal performance of different heavy-and light-weight walls are discussed. Particular attention is devoted to the measurement of the U-value of nonhomogeneous walls, including the effect of thermal bridging caused by steel framing or mortar joints, and the presence of PCMs or new insulation materials in the configuration of the walls. hot box; calibrated hot box; infrared thermography. Highlights: -Review on the main methods to measure the U-value of non-homogeneous walls. -Methods: heat flow meter, guarded hot plate, guarded and calibrated hot box, infrared thermography. -Standards framework and discussion of the main advantages and drawbacks of each method. -Description of methodologies and working principles of laboratory and in-situ measurements. -Measurement of the thermal transmittance of different heavy-and light-weight walls.

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Section: In-situ Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and in-situ non-destructive methods to evaluate the thermal transmittance and behavior of walls, windows, and construction elements with innovative materials: A review

Soares

Martins

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

Energy and Buildings

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“…IR thermography has been used for more than 25 years to detect subjacent defects in buildings, such as fissures, cracks and humidity, as these features cause contrasting thermal responses. In cultural heritage, the most usual application of IR thermography is moisture location in historic buildings; other common applications in historic constructions are the assessment of previous conservation treatments such as cleanings, consolidations and restorations; and the identification of hidden structures behind the painting of the walls . Frescos have been also widely studied with IR thermography to detect previous interventions, hidden damages and, in some cases, to discover the cause of their deterioration (humidity, unknown structures in the wall, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cultural heritage, the most usual application of IR thermography is moisture location in historic buildings; other common applications in historic constructions are the assessment of previous conservation treatments such as cleanings, consolidations and restorations; and the identification of hidden structures behind the painting of the walls. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Frescos have been also widely studied with IR thermography to detect previous interventions, hidden damages and, in some cases, to discover the cause of their deterioration (humidity, unknown structures in the wall, etc.). [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In case of mosaics, IR thermography permits to evaluate the mortar and the suitability of the consolidative materials and treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of stained‐glass windows materials by infrared thermography

Palomar

Agua

Gómez-Heras

2018

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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This paper reports the analyses of infrared thermography images of two stained‐glass windows with the objective of the in situ characterization of this type of artworks. The analyses were carried out by active thermography. The observations revealed that glasses absorbed the long‐wave IR radiation emitted by the halogen lamps and their apparent surface temperature progressively increased. After switching the spotlight off, they experienced a progressive decrease in temperature. Silver stained glasses presented the same thermographic behavior than uncolored glasses because silver nanoparticles were too small or the yellow layer was too thin to produce a different response than the base glass with the IR radiation. The apparent surface temperature of enamels and grisailles depended on their thickness and color. Lead cames maintained an almost constant surface apparent temperature, except those painted that behave in a similar way than enamels. Metallic tin‐lead welds experienced the most important variation in the surface apparent temperature in reflection mode due to the energy reflected by the surface of the weld. Glass defects such as big bubbles were also observed.

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“…At present, the estimation of the actual energy performance of buildings has become a priority to achieve energy conservation; therefore, it is important to evaluate the thermal performance of masonry considering all influencing parameters on the energy performance of buildings. Recent research performed conducted Litti et al [13] on areas that were detected to be wet revealed thermal transmittance values that were more than three times higher than those of the dry areas on the same masonry surface. Considering the aforementioned points, it is extremely important to quantify the actual thermal transmittance of the wall and the influencing factors in order to be able to plan optimal refurbishment interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Apart from affecting the mechanical properties of masonry units, humidity has a negative effect on their thermal properties as well. The thermal conductivity value of porous building materials increases rapidly with the increase in their moisture content; consequently, the insulation capacity decreases and the heat loss increases [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The increase in the thermal conductivity of a material with the increase in its moisture content is the direct result of the fact that water, which has replaced the air in the pores of the material, has a thermal conductivity value of 0.61 W/(mK) at air temperature [16], which is twenty-four times higher than that of air.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Masonry Wall and Masonry Wall Materials

et al. 2019

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In this study, the influence of freeze/thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of bricks and mortar as building parts of masonry walls, as well as the influence on the masonry wall itself is investigated. At the material level, the influence of freeze and thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of masonry components (bricks and mortar) was investigated; at the construction level, the influence of freeze and thaw cycles on the mechanical and thermal properties of a masonry wall was studied. To study the influence of freezing on the energy demand characteristics of masonry buildings, in terms of energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission, a case study was investigated on a typical structure of a historical building located in Croatia, that had undergone a process of energy certification. The applied freeze/thaw regime negatively influenced the compressive strength and the thermal properties of bricks and mortar, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of the wall. Considering the thermal properties of the material before and after its exposure to freeze/thaw cycles, we concluded that the annual energy consumption, the heating costs, and the CO2 emission of a family house could increase up to 3.7% after frost action in the studied case.

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Hygrothermal performance evaluation of traditional brick masonry in historic buildings

Cited by 88 publications

References 14 publications

Laboratory and in-situ non-destructive methods to evaluate the thermal transmittance and behavior of walls, windows, and construction elements with innovative materials: A review

Laboratory and in-situ non-destructive methods to evaluate the thermal transmittance and behavior of walls, windows, and construction elements with innovative materials: A review

Comparative assessment of stained‐glass windows materials by infrared thermography

Influence of Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Masonry Wall and Masonry Wall Materials

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