Hygienic Evaluation of the Quality of Drinking Water and Risks for Health of the Population

Abstract

According to WHO, approaches based on the assessment of health risks are promising and should be used to justify management decisions to ensure the safety of drinking water. A review of publications on risk assessment in Russia showed that the main part of the methodological issues is related to the uncertainties in the evaluation of exposure, the lack of regional, national and age differences in exposure factors and sensitivity to carcinogens. In the Republic of Tatarstan, research was conducted for the first time on the regional factors of the exposure of drinking water consumption for adolescents aged 15-17 and adults (18-21) years in Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan. We studied the content of 19 priority chemical pollutants, including three carcinogens, in the drinking water of Kazan for 2010-2016. The HI value for oral intake of chemicals with drinking water indicates a health hazard for the adolescent population living in zones 2 and 4 (HIm = 9.8 and 8.8, HI 95percent = 8.1 and 7.6), and adults (HIm = 7.4 and 7.8, HI 95percent = 6.8 and 6.5). The priority pollutants of drinking water in all zones that determine the main contribution (71.6% - 87.6%) are petroleum products (29.7% - 54.0%), chloroform, nitrates, magnesium, as a total amount of non-carcinogenic risk of adolescent and adult population and fluorides.