Hyenas and Humans in the Horn of Africa

Gade, Daniel W.

doi:10.1111/j.1931-0846.2006.tb00519.x

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In situations of hunger, hyenas can attack humans, perceiving small children and the elderly as vulnerable and easier prey (Brain 1981;Gade 2006). Nevertheless, although predatory attacks on people occur, hyenas much more commonly feed on humans by scavenging human tombs in cemeteries (Horwitz and Smith 1988;Yirga et al 2012).…”

Section: Hyenidaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence suggests that carnivores, when attacking humans, follow the same pattern as when hunting non-human prey (Herrero and Fleck 1990), especially if the attack is predatory. In these cases of attacks on humans, prey size again seems to be an important factor (Gade 2006) and is the reason why so many attacks on children have been recorded, especially in cases related with canids, felines, and even hyenas (e.g., Brain 1981; Conrad 1992; Fouriel and Cartilidge 1995;McKee 2003;Gade 2006). …”

Section: Comparison Between Carnivore Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large carnivore attacks on hominins during the Pleistocene: a forensic approach with a Neanderthal example

Camarós

Cueto

Lorenzo

et al. 2015

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Interaction between hominins and carnivores has been common and constant through human evolution and generated mutual pressures similar to those present in worldwide modern human-carnivore conflicts. This current interaction is sometimes violent and can be reflected in permanent skeletal pathologies and other bone modifications. In the present paper, we carry out a survey of 124 forensic cases of dangerous human-carnivore encounters. The objective is to infer direct hominin-carnivore confrontation during the Pleistocene, which is important to understand behavioral changes during human evolution. In addition, the case of Neanderthals is analyzed in order to find evidence of past attacks using forensic observations. The results obtained pose that Neanderthals could potentially have been involved in dangerous encounters during the Pleistocene, validating our methodology to approach past attacks from a forensic perspective.

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Section: Hyenidaementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Between Carnivore Attacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large carnivore attacks on hominins during the Pleistocene: a forensic approach with a Neanderthal example

Camarós

Cueto

Lorenzo

et al. 2015

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Gade, 2006;Goldman et al, 2010;Muñoz, 2005;Nyyssönen & Salmi, 2013). Due to the time constraints of this research, ethnography was deemed inappropriate to use in this study.…”

Section: Ethnographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the human dimensions of coexistence between carnivores and people: A case study in Namibia

Rust¹

2018

Preprint

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Many carnivore populations were in decline throughout much of the 20 th century, but due to recent conservation policies, their numbers are stabilising or even increasing in some areas of the world. This, compounded with human population growth, has caused increased livestock depredation by carnivores, which threatens farmer livelihoods, particularly those in developing countries such as Namibia. How to resolve this so-called "conflict" between carnivores and livestock farmers remains challenging, in part because some mitigation strategies have proven somewhat ineffective or unacceptable. By using a case-study approach on the commercial farmlands of northcentral Namibia, I aimed to understand the complexity of the human dimensions affecting coexistence between carnivores and people in an unprotected working landscape. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) develop a participatory decisionmaking exercise to analyse the views of stakeholders on how they would like carnivores to be managed in unprotected lands, 2) understand how the media framed financial incentives to improve human-carnivore coexistence, and 3) determine if there were any underlying social, economic or political causes of negative human-carnivore interactions on commercial livestock farms.To answer objective 1, I developed a new decision-making exercise that combined Q-methodology and the Delphi technique to determine whether a diverse group of stakeholders could agree on how to manage carnivores on commercial farmland. A strong agreement was reached by participants: providing conservation education and training on livestock husbandry were acceptable and effective ways to improve coexistence with carnivores. This new also method highlighted areas of disagreement between stakeholders and showed that there were two different narratives on how carnivores should be managed. This method could be used by policy makers to help with participatory decision-making for resolving other conservation conflicts.To answer objective 2, I undertook content analysis of national newspapers to determine how the media framed articles on financial incentives to mitigate this conservation conflict. The most common (30%) financial incentive discussed was compensation -many (61%) of these articles framed compensation positively. Niki Rust © 2015However, upon categorising these articles into those where respondents were enrolled in compensation schemes compared with those who were not, a clear pattern emerged: articles were more likely (89%) to be framed ambivalently or negatively when respondents had experience of this financial incentive compared with respondents that did not. These results can help conservationists plan more effective communication interventions and anticipate issues that can affect the success of mitigation strategies.To answer objective 3, I undertook eight months of participant observation on livestock farms and interviewed 69 respondents and found that reported livestock depredation was associated with increased instances of poaching of wildl...

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“…8 The two other extant species of the hyena family are the brown hyena (Hyaena brunnea), which is found in South Africa, and the striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena), which is found in northern Africa and parts of Asia. 3 Hyenas are large (45-80 kg) predators, distinguished by exceptionally enlarged premolars, robust skulls, and heavily muscled jaws (see Fig. 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%