Hydroxyphaseollin and related isoflavanoids in the hypersensitive resistance reaction of soybeans to pseudomonas glycinea

Keen, N. T.; Kennedy, B. W.

doi:10.1016/0048-4059(74)90005-8

Cited by 93 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A number of observations support the hypothesis that phytoalexins play a role in the defense response of plants to pathogens. Phytoalexins are absent in healthy tissues and accumulate after infection by fungal (18,24,30) or bacterial (9, 1 1) pathogens in monocotyledonous plants (24) as well as in dicotyledonous plants (9,18,30). Phytoalexins have been demonstrated to accumulate rapidly at the site of attempted infection in sufficient quantities to inhibit the in vitro growth of fungi (18,30) and bacteria (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

et al. 1992

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Inoculation of leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with the wheat pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, resulted in the expression of the hypersensitive reaction and in phytoalexin accumulation. No phytoalexin accumulation was detected after infiltration of leaves with a mutant of P. s. syringae deficient in the ability to elicit a hypersensitive reaction; with the crucifer pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris; or with 10 milimolar potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.9). Phytoalexin accumulation was correlated with the restricted in vivo growth of P. s. syringae. A phytoalexin was purified by a combination of reverse phase flash chromatography, thin layer chromatography, followed by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The Arabidopsis phytoalexin was identified as 3-thiazol-2'-yl-indole on the basis of ultraviolet, infrared, mass spectral, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, and '3C-nuclear magnetic resonance data.Phytoalexins are low mol wt, antimicrobial compounds of plant origin that accumulate after inoculation with a plant pathogen (14). A number of observations support the hypothesis that phytoalexins play a role in the defense response of plants to pathogens. Phytoalexins are absent in healthy tissues and accumulate after infection by fungal (18,24,30) or bacterial (9, 1 1) pathogens in monocotyledonous plants (24) as well as in dicotyledonous plants (9,18,30). Phytoalexins have been demonstrated to accumulate rapidly at the site of attempted infection in sufficient quantities to inhibit the in vitro growth of fungi (18,30) and bacteria (9). Virulence of the fungus Nectria haematococca on pea is correlated with the ability to detoxify the phytoalexin pisatin (28). Furthermore, transformation of Cochliobolus heterostrophus with the gene encoding pisatin demethylase allowed this maize patho-

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

et al. 1992

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“…Other isoflavonoid phytoalexins (e.g. coumestrol and daidzen) associated with the hypersensitive response in soybeans (8) are currently being studied for their effects on mitochondrial substrate oxidation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glyceollin, a phytoalexin produced during the hypersensitive response in soybeans, is hypothesized to be responsible for the expression of cultivar-specific resistance of soybeans to Phytophthora megasperma var sojae (7,26), and its accumulation has been correlated with the incompatible response of soybeans to Meloidogyne incognita (5), and Pseudomonos glycinea (8). Glyceollin inhibits fungal and nematode growth in vitro at concentrations similar to localized concentrations found in vivo (6,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyceollin: A Site-Specific Inhibitor of Electron Transport in Isolated Soybean Mitochondria

Boydston

Paxton²,

Koeppe³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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The glyceollin inhibition of electron transport by isolated soybean and corn mitochondria was similar to that of rotenone, acting at site I between the internal NADH Glyceollin, a phytoalexin produced during the hypersensitive response in soybeans, is hypothesized to be responsible for the expression of cultivar-specific resistance of soybeans to Phytophthora megasperma var sojae (7,26), and its accumulation has been correlated with the incompatible response of soybeans to Meloidogyne incognita (5), and Pseudomonos glycinea (8). Glyceollin inhibits fungal and nematode growth in vitro at concentrations similar to localized concentrations found in vivo (6,26).Inhibition of nematode respiration and electron transport from several substrates to 02 in isolated soybean mitochondria by glyceollin has been reported by Kaplan, Keen, and Thomason (6), but the specific site ofinhibition by glyceollin was not determined. We thus began our study with the a priori assumption that glyceollin could play a primary role in plant-affected pathogen toxicity, and autophytotoxicity through effects on mitochondrial electron transport. The experiments reported here deal only with the autophytotoxicity of glyceollin on electron transport of mitochondria isolated from etiolated soybean hypocotyls and cotyledons and corn shoots. All studies were designed to determine the unique site of glyceollin effect on electron transport and utilized various substrates, electron acceptors, and known inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODSSoybean seedlings (Glycine max L., cv Amsoy 71) were germinated and grown in the dark at 28°C in moist vermiculite saturated Isolation of mitochondria from cotyledon tissue was the same, except that the cotyledons were ground through an Oster Automatic Juicer (model 362; Oster Co., Milwaukee, WI) and filtered through Miracloth (Chicopee Mills, Inc., Milltown, NJ) before the first centrifugation.Purification of washed mitochondria consisted of resuspending washed mitochondria in 1 ml of standard resuspension medium consisting of 0.3 M mannitoL 20 mm Hepes, 0.1 mm EDTA, and 0.1% BSA at pH 7.2. The resuspended mitochondria were then placed on top of a discontinuous sucrose gradient similar to that used by Douce et aL (1), and consisting of 1.45 M sucrose (4 ml) layered under 1.2 M sucrose (10 ml). Tubes were centrifuged for 45 min at 60,000g at 4°C in a Sorvall AH 627 swinging bucket rotor placed in a Sorvall OTD 65 centrifuge.After centrifugation, mitochondria were located at the boundary of the two sucrose layers and were removed with a curved tip pasteur pipette. The purified mitochondria were then diluted slowly over a period of 20 min with the slow addition of 0.1 M sucrose containing 10 mm KH2PO4, and 0.1% BSA until a sucrose concentration of 0.3 M (pH 7.2) was achieved. The diluted mitochondrial suspension in 0.3 M sucrose was then centrifuged at 14,600g for 8 min. After centrifugation, the purified mitochondria were resuspended in the standard 0.3 M mannitol resuspension medium. Mitochondrial protein was esti...

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“…In addition to coumestrol, the isoflavone daidzein and the coumestane sojagol accumulated in ozone-treated soybean leaves (Table II) is of interest that accumulation of the isoflavonoids by soybeans and other plants in response to pathogens, insects, or physiologic injury has been related to the occurrence of necrosis (3,4,7,10). It is well accepted that the primary toxic effect of ozone in many plants is probably on membrane permeability (9,11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The related isoflavonoids daidzein, coumestrol, and sojagol ( Fig. 1) also accumulate to high levels in the defense reactions to these pathogens (4,5), but their antibiotic properties are less pronounced. The fact that production of the entire complex of isoflavonoids is observed in the resistant reactions suggested that, biochemically, resistance might result from a multivalent derepression of isoflavonoid biosynthesis (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone Injury in Soybeans

Keen¹,

Taylor²

1975

Plant Physiol.

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Hydroxyphaseollin and related isoflavanoids in the hypersensitive resistance reaction of soybeans to pseudomonas glycinea

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

Phytoalexin Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana during the Hypersensitive Reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae

Glyceollin: A Site-Specific Inhibitor of Electron Transport in Isolated Soybean Mitochondria

Ozone Injury in Soybeans

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