Hydroxylation of vegetable oils using acidic resins as catalysts

The unique activity of catalyst in the epoxidation of soybean oil and following reaction of epoxidized product with bisphenol A

“…One way to limit the contribution of side reaction is application of ion-exchange resin or enzymes in a place of strong mineral acid. Oxidation of unsaturated double bonds in vegetable oils can be carried out in the presence of strongly acidic ion-exchange resins, such as e.g., Amberlyst 15, Amberlite IR-120 or Dowex 50 × 2 (Sinadinovic-Fihser et al, 2012;Rios et al, 2013). Very promising innovations in the process of natural oil oxidation are reactions catalyzed by enzymes.…”

Waterborne polyurethane dispersions synthesized from jatropha oil

“…This high degree of unsaturation provides a broad alternative for chemical modification to produce polymers with various properties. Furthermore, it is an advantageous to use jatropha oil because it is a non-edible oil and thus its usage will reduce the consumption of edible oils for chemical purposes (Rios et al, 2013). Previous researches have revealed the potential of producing alkyd resin (Boruah et al, 2012), polyurethane coatings (Sugita et al, 2012), polyurethane adhesive (Aung et al, 2014) and polyurethane elastomer (Hazmi et al, 2013) from jatropha oil.…”

Ketalization of epoxidized methyl oleate using acidic resins

“…The dioxolane can be formed from glycol or epoxide . The glycol is formed by hydroxylation of the epoxide in the presence of residual water . According to Dijs et al an important amount of water was retained in Dowex 50WX8 and Amberlyst 15 resins (25.3 and 12.2 weight percent of water, respectively) even though these resins were dried under reduced pressure .…”

“…Epoxidation deserves special attention because it opens up a wide range of feasible reactions that can be carried out under moderate reaction conditions, due to the high reactivity of the oxirane ring. For instance, the epoxide can react with different nucleophiles to produce mono‐alcohols, glycols, alkoxyalcohols, hydroxyesters, hydroxyalkylamides, mercaptoalcohols, aminoalcohols, hydroxynitriles among others …”