Hydroxylation of steroids with nonpolar side chains with 11α-hydroxylase of Rhizopus nigricans

Enhancement of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone production from progesterone by biotransformation using hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complexation technique

“…In fact, several positions in the steroid molecules can be hydroxylated by various microbial strains. The 11␣-, 11␤-, and 16␣-hydroxylations have been achieved in the steroidal drug production by microbial transformations at high yield and controlled costs [1][2][3]. Other hydroxylations that seem to have potential for industrial exploitation are 9␣-and 14␣-hydroxylations.…”

Microbial hydroxylation of progesterone withAcremonium strictum

“…Microbial hydroxylation of steroids have been extensively investigated by many researchers during the recent decades [1–6]. Microorganisms, specially various numbers of fungi have the ability to hydroxylate steroids in different positions of the molecule [7–11]. Metabolites obtained may be pharmacologically active or can be used in the commercial synthesis of other useful steroid compounds [12,13].…”

Molecular characterization of genes encoding cytosolic Hsp70s in the zygomycete fungus Rhizopus nigricans

“…The zygomycete filamentous fungus R nigricans (syn. R stolonifer) is known as a steroid-biotransforming organism, able to hydroxylate progesterone, 21-OH progesterone, and testosterone with differing efficiencies (Zakelj-Mavric et al 1989). The reaction is catalyzed by a steroidinducible multienzyme system containing cytochrome P450 as a terminal oxidase (Breskvar and Hudnik-Plevnik 1978;Makovec and Breskvar 1998).…”