Hydroxylamine attenuates the effects of simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat brain and improves neurological outcome

M, Ryba; Gordon‐Krajcer, Wanda; Walski, M; Chalimoniuk, Małgorzata; Chrapusta, Stanisław J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)02161-7

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…(1) leakage of considerable amount of blood during injection and after removal of needle leading to insufficient quantity of subarachnoid blood around circle of Willis even with the use of hemostyptic materials (Aladag et al, 2003;Meguro et al, 2001;Prunell et al, 2003;Suzuki et al, 1999;Vatter et al, 2006), and (2) second blood injection 24 or 48 h is obscured by the discolored and non-transparent dura mater with increased risk for severe injury of the brain stem or cerebellum resulting in high mortality (Ryba et al, 1999;Sato et al, 2002;Suzuki et al, 1999;Vatter et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, there is still a need to develop a small animal model that recapitulates the human phenomenon. Ryba et al (1999) 48 Arterial blood 0.1/0.1 ml Day 5 EM 25% Suzuki et al (1999) 48 Arterial blood 0.3/0.3 ml Day 5 Angiography Unknown Widenka et al (1999) 24 Mixture of arterial blood and CSF 0.1/0.1 ml Day 7 Angiography Unknown Meguro et al (2001) 48 Arterial blood 0.3/0.3 ml Day 5 TEM, morphometric study Unknown Lefranc et al (2002) 48 Arterial blood 0.3/0.3 ml Day 1 Angiography Unknown Ono et al (2002) 48 Arterial blood 0.35*/0.3 ml Day 5 Histology Unknown Sato et al (2002) 48 One of the key difficulties in studying vasospasm in a rodent model is the propensity of these animals to rapidly clear blood in the subarachnoid space (Jackowski et al, 1990). Because a single SAH produces only acute cerebral vasospasm in these animals (Jackowski et al, 1990;Solomon et al, 1985;Swift and Solomon, 1988), several experimental studies in rats employing a double hemorrhage have been developed demonstrating delayed cerebral vasospasm (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of an improved double hemorrhage rat model for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm

Lee

Huang

Keep

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an improved double hemorrhage rat model for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm

Lee

Huang

Keep

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n ϭ 54) weighing 250 to 410 g were anesthetized on Day 1 of the experiment by intraperitoneal application of midazolam (1 mg/kg body weight) and ketamine (100 mg/kg body weight). This anesthesia is commonly used in rat SAH models (1,6,24,26,29,33,45,47), its safety and feasibility was proven for imaging procedures in neurological impaired rats (11) and significant changes of the CBF were not observed in rats by this medication (22,43). Animals were allowed to breathe spontaneously and body temperature was approximately maintained at 37°C using a heading pad.…”

Section: Experimental Model Of Sahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Course in the Development of Cerebral Vasospasm after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Clinical and Neuroradiological Assessment of the Rat Double Hemorrhage Model

Vatter¹,

Weidauer²,

Konczalla³

et al. 2006

Neurosurgery

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“…Each of these modifications lead to complications that resulted in an unusable model for testing delayed vasospasm. The model described above consistently produced a low mortality basilar artery SAH small animal model of delayed cerebral vasospasm (CV) 6,7,11,13,15 . Low mortality rates allow for a more thorough understanding of the entire mechanism of cerebral vasospasm 13 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…With the perfection of the current model we describe here, we report no mortalities. There are several tools available to successfully 5,6,11,12,15 . In our model, no attempt was made to use any other methods aside from histology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Dudhani

Kyle

Dedeo

et al. 2013

JoVE

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Citation: Dudhani, R.V., Kyle, M., Dedeo, C., Riordan, M., Deshaies, E.M. A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. J. Vis. Exp. (71), e4157, doi:10.3791/4157 (2013). AbstractObjective: To characterize and establish a reproducible model that demonstrates delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats, in order to identify the initiating events, pathophysiological changes and potential targets for treatment.Methods: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 -300 g) were arbitrarily assigned to one of two groups -SAH or saline control. Rat subarachnoid hemorrhage in the SAH group (n=15) was induced by double injection of autologous blood, 48 hr apart, into the cisterna magna. Similarly, normal saline (n=13) was injected into the cisterna magna of the saline control group. Rats were sacrificed on day five after the second blood injection and the brains were preserved for histological analysis. The degree of vasospasm was measured using sections of the basilar artery, by measuring the internal luminal cross sectional area using NIH Image-J software. The significance was tested using Tukey/Kramer's statistical analysis.Results: After analysis of histological sections, basilar artery luminal cross sectional area were smaller in the SAH than in the saline group, consistent with cerebral vasospasm in the former group. In the SAH group, basilar artery internal area (.056 μm ± 3) were significantly smaller from vasospasm five days after the second blood injection (seven days after the initial blood injection), compared to the saline control group with internal area (.069 ± 3; p=0.004). There were no mortalities from cerebral vasospasm. Conclusion:The rat double SAH model induces a mild, survivable, basilar artery vasospasm that can be used to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm in a small animal model. A low and acceptable mortality rate is a significant criterion to be satisfied for an ideal SAH animal model so that the mechanisms of vasospasm can be elucidated 7, 8 . Further modifications of the model can be made to adjust for increased severity of vasospasm and neurological exams. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Hydroxylamine attenuates the effects of simulated subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat brain and improves neurological outcome

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Characterization of an improved double hemorrhage rat model for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm

Characterization of an improved double hemorrhage rat model for the study of delayed cerebral vasospasm

Time Course in the Development of Cerebral Vasospasm after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Clinical and Neuroradiological Assessment of the Rat Double Hemorrhage Model

A Low Mortality Rat Model to Assess Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

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