Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane Networks as Solid Propellant Binder-State of the Art

Sekkar, V.; Raunija, Thakur Sudesh Kumar

doi:10.2514/1.b35384

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Energetic polyurethane and composite materials have been used as solid propellant binders in the past few decades (10)(11)(12). Composite solid rocket propellant is composed of metal fuel, solid oxidant, binder and other additives (13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diacylhydrazine as chain extender on microphase separation and performance of energetic polyurethane elastomer

Gao

Liu

et al. 2020

E-Polymers

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It is low cost and feasible to improve the mechanical properties of polyurethane by using the chain extender with hydrogen bonding function to improve the degree of microphase separation. In this article, hydrazine hydrate was used to react with ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, respectively, to synthesize diacylhydrazines as the polyurethane chain extender with amide bonds, which were characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Polyurethane with different contents of hard segment were prepared from poly-3,3-bis(azidomethyl)oxetane-tetrahydrofuran as the polyol and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the isocyanate components. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that with the increase of the hard segment content, the proportion of hydrogen-bonded ordered carbonyl group increased to 94%, proving that diacylhydrazines could improve the degree of ordered hydrogen bonding, which led to clear microphase separation observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and higher storage modulus of the polyurethane. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed that polyurethane with higher hard segment content is likely to exhibit multiple thermal transitions caused by microphase separation. When the hard segment content was 40%, compared with polyurethane with 1,4-butanediol as the chain extender, the tensile strengths of polyurethanes with diacylhydrazines also improved by 30% and 76%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of diacylhydrazine as chain extender on microphase separation and performance of energetic polyurethane elastomer

Gao

Liu

et al. 2020

E-Polymers

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“…Polyurethane made out of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) has succeeded in playing the role of a binder in solid propellants for decades , it is formed by an unsaturated hydrocarbon polymer with nitrogen and oxygen attached so that its combustion products can hardly be considered harmful as a result.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADN Recrystallization and Microencapsulation with HTPB by Simple Coacervation

Silva

Cardoso

Silva

et al. 2020

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) has been considered the potential substitute for ammonium perchlorate in solid green propellants. However, it has also some drawbacks due to its high hygroscopicity and chemical incompatibility with some of the components present in composite propellant formulations. On the other hand, ADN melts at temperatures below degradation, which makes emulsion crystallization an important method to prepare spherical ADN particles that benefit both propellant slurry processing and casting. Spherical ADN particles were prepared by emulsion crystallization to be used for the microencapsulation studies, and whose method was assessed to better understand which parameters may affect the ADN particles formation. Microencapsulation protects ADN particles as it addresses hygroscopicity besides the given protection from chemical incompatibility. Polyurethane made of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene was selected as a coating material because of its common use in propellants as a binder. Also, the good performance of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate as a curing agent was such that it was used in the whole study. The number of layers and the processing time played important roles in the formation of the capsule as seen in the impermeability tests. Besides, drying at 50°C for 168 h showed to be even more beneficial on average for the capsule protective property. Chemical compatibility between the capsule and ADN was confirmed at 60°C which allows it to be used as a protective coating. However, the obtained average coating thickness of ten microns has to be reduced yet with more efficient protective coating materials.

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“…However, some limitations in manufacturing like unavailability of suitable HTPB grade make researchers use some additives in curing process to obtain desired mechanical and thermal properties. Chain extenders and crosslinkers are two the most important categories of additives with two or more bonding sites that modify PU properties by changing morphology from linear to the network structure [14][15][16]. It has been observed that linear PUs exhibited inappropriate mechanical properties such as dumping, low elongation, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Crosslinker Chemical Structure Effect on the Tuning Properties of HTPB‐Based Polyurethane

Yarmohammadi

Komeili

Shahidzadeh

2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene based polyurethanes with various crosslinker compounds have been prepared to investigate the effect of crosslinker content and structure on polyurethanes mechanical properties. Three various crosslinkers have been used in this study, including trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, and boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex. The results established that increasing crosslinker content increased the polyurethane strength. Moreover, boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex showed better ability in making network polyurethanes. The tensile test revealed that using boron trifluoride triethanolamine complex as crosslinker led to increasing chemical crosslinking bonds in comparison to two other crosslinkers via catalyzing side reaction like chain coupling. Swelling test and dynamical‐mechanical analysis confirmed this result, too.

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Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene-Based Polyurethane Networks as Solid Propellant Binder-State of the Art

Cited by 34 publications

References 60 publications

Effect of diacylhydrazine as chain extender on microphase separation and performance of energetic polyurethane elastomer

Effect of diacylhydrazine as chain extender on microphase separation and performance of energetic polyurethane elastomer

ADN Recrystallization and Microencapsulation with HTPB by Simple Coacervation

Studying Crosslinker Chemical Structure Effect on the Tuning Properties of HTPB‐Based Polyurethane

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