Hydroxyl radical yields from reactions of terpene mixtures with ozone

Forester, Crystal D.; Wells, J. R.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2011.00718.x

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These terpenes are typically detectable in herbs, spices, flowers, and plants (Rohr, 2013). For this reason, these chemicals are frequently used as fragrances in commercial air fresheners used indoors (Forester and Wells, 2011), and their amount in air fresheners varies from 0.2-26% (Nazaroff et al, 2006). Terpene concentration in indoor air is associated with temperature.…”

Section: Terpenes (D-limonene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…OH can react with NO, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, and aromatic compound as well as monoterpene Laumbach and Kipen, 2010). Chamber studies determined OH formation in the reactions between ozone and a single terpene, two-component terpene mixtures (Forester and Wells, 2011).…”

Section: Formation Of Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Terpenes are one of the largest groups of VOCs and consist of over 30,000 chemicals (Forester and Wells, 2011). The most common terpenes in air fresheners consist of monoterpenes such as α-pinene, α-terpinene, linalool, and d-limonene (Fig.…”

Section: Terpenes (D-limonene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of air freshener emission: the potential health effects

Kim

Hong

Bong³

et al. 2015

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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-Air freshener could be one of the multiple sources that release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the indoor environment. The use of these products may be associated with an increase in the measured level of terpene, such as xylene and other volatile air freshener components, including aldehydes, and esters. Air freshener is usually used indoors, and thus some compounds emitted from air freshener may have potentially harmful health impacts, including sensory irritation, respiratory symptoms, and dysfunction of the lungs. The constituents of air fresheners can react with ozone to produce secondary pollutants such as formaldehyde, secondary organic aerosol (SOA), oxidative product, and ultrafine particles. These pollutants then adversely affect human health, in many ways such as damage to the central nervous system, alteration of hormone levels, etc. In particular, the ultrafine particles may induce severe adverse effects on diverse organs, including the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems. Although the indoor use of air freshener is increasing, deleterious effects do not manifest for many years, making it difficult to identify air freshener-associated symptoms. In addition, risk assessment recognizes the association between air fresheners and adverse health effects, but the distinct causal relationship remains unclear. In this review, the emitted components of air freshener, including benzene, phthalate, and limonene, were described. Moreover, we focused on the health effects of these chemicals and secondary pollutants formed by the reaction with ozone. In conclusion, scientific guidelines on emission and exposure as well as risk characterization of air freshener need to be established.

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Section: Terpenes (D-limonene)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formation Of Oxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of air freshener emission: the potential health effects

Kim

Hong

Bong³

et al. 2015

J. Toxicol. Sci.

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“…However, it should also be noted that the reaction between alkenes and ozone generates not only sCI but also OH at significant yields (e.g., the OH yield for the reaction of α-pinene and O 3 is ca. 0.77; Forester and Wells, 2011) and that the OH produced via this mechanism is taken into account by Eq. (4).…”

Section: Calculated Ohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of new particle formation and measurement of sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and highly oxidized organic molecules at a rural site in central Germany

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The exact mechanisms for new particle formation (NPF) under different boundary layer conditions are not known yet. One important question is whether amines and sulfuric acid lead to efficient NPF in the atmosphere. Furthermore, it is not clear to what extent highly oxidized organic molecules (HOMs) are involved in NPF. We conducted field measurements at a rural site in central Germany in the proximity of three larger dairy farms to investigate whether there is a connection between NPF and the presence of amines and/or ammonia due to the local emissions from the farms. Comprehensive measurements using a nitrate chemical ionization-atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight (CI-APi-TOF) mass spectrometer, a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), particle counters and differential mobility analyzers (DMAs), as well as measurements of trace gases and meteorological parameters, were performed. We demonstrate here that the nitrate CI-APi-TOF is suitable for sensitive measurements of sulfuric acid, amines, a nitrosamine, ammonia, iodic acid and HOMs. NPF was found to correlate with sulfuric acid, while an anti-correlation with RH, amines and ammonia is observed. The anti-correlation between NPF and amines could be due to the efficient uptake of these compounds by nucleating clusters and small particles. Much higher HOM dimer (C 19 /C 20 compounds) concentrations during the night than during the day indicate that these HOMs do not efficiently self-nucleate as no nighttime NPF is observed. Observed iodic acid probably originates from an iodine-containing reservoir substance, but the iodine signals are very likely too low to have a significant effect on NPF.

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“…O 3 can react with isoprene and others terpenes to give corresponding carbonyls [491]. It was also shown that ozonolysis of terpenes as -terpineol, limonene, and -pinene is associated with formation of HO • , reaction (58) [492].…”

Section: Ozone Omentioning

confidence: 97%