(‐)‐Hydroxycitric Acid Nourishes Protein Synthesis via Altering Metabolic Directions of Amino Acids in Male Rats

Abstract

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a major active ingredient of Garcinia Cambogia extracts, had shown to suppress body weight gain and fat accumulation in animals and humans. While, the underlying mechanism of (-)-HCA has not fully understood. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of long-term supplement with (-)-HCA on body weight gain and variances of amino acid content in rats. Results showed that (-)-HCA treatment reduced body weight gain and increased feed conversion ratio in rats. The content of hepatic glycogen, muscle glycogen, and serum T4 , T3 , insulin, and Leptin were increased in (-)-HCA treatment groups. Protein content in liver and muscle were significantly increased in (-)-HCA treatment groups. Amino acid profile analysis indicated that most of amino acid contents in serum and liver, especially aromatic amino acid and branched amino acid, were higher in (-)-HCA treatment groups. However, most of the amino acid contents in muscle, especially aromatic amino acid and branched amino acid, were reduced in (-)-HCA treatment groups. These results indicated that (-)-HCA treatment could reduce body weight gain through promoting energy expenditure via regulation of thyroid hormone levels. In addition, (-)-HCA treatment could promote protein synthesis by altering the metabolic directions of amino acids. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Retracted: Effects of (−)‐hydroxycitric acid on lipid droplet accumulation in chicken embryos

“…In the avian liver, most of the NADPH used by fatty acid synthase for the synthesis of palmitate is generated by malic enzymes (Hillgartner et al 1995). Recently, our study also found that (À)-HCA treatment significantly increased serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine contents in rats (Han et al 2016b). Fat accumulation is a complex process which depends on the balance of lipogenesis and lipolysis.…”

“…There was no difference in each (À)-HCAtreated group compared with the control group. Recently, our study showed that (À)-HCA treatment could promote protein synthesis by altering the metabolism of amino acids in male rats (Han et al 2016b). Soni et al (2004) and Anton et al (2011) reported that consumption of (À)-HCA or HCA-SX (extract) at dose levels of 2800 or 4667 mg/day, respectively, is considered safe.…”

(-)-Hydroxycitric Acid Reduced Lipid Droplets Accumulation Via Decreasing Acetyl-Coa Supply and Accelerating Energy Metabolism in Cultured Primary Chicken Hepatocytes

“…Previous studies had reported that (-)-HCA increases weight loss [19, 20], promotes energy expenditure [21-23], increases the rate of glycogen synthesis [24] and suppresses de novo fatty acid synthesis [25-27]. Recently, our laboratory found that (-)-HCA treatment promoted protein synthesis and enhanced energy expenditure in male rats [28]. In addition, we also found that (-)-HCA inhibited fatty acid synthesis by reducing the acetyl-CoA supply via promotion of the citric acid cycle and inhibition of NADP-dependent malic enzyme expression in broiler chickens [29].…”

A clinical and computational study on anti-obesity effects of hydroxycitric acid

“…HCA is known to increase the protein synthesis in liver and muscle by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis and altering metabolic directions of amino acids. 17,34 In order to rst understand the changes in uxes under high macronutrient conditions such as in the case of obesity, compared to fasting conditions with respect to the plasma metabolic levels, relative ux map is constructed (Fig. 7).…”