Hydroxyapatite Deposition on Modified Bacterial Cellulose Matrix

Abstract

Summary Bacterial cellulose (BC), biosynthesized by bacteria, is an attractive biomaterial for bone regeneration due to its biocompatibility and good mechanical properties. However, BC is devoid of inorganic elements which are necessary for formation of chemical bonds with bone. Incorporation of inorganic phases such as hydroxyapatite (HA) into BC matrix may enhance bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop BC as a matrix for HA deposition. Absorption capacity is a key to incorporate calcium ion into BC and induces HA deposition. To enhance its absorption capacity, BC was modified using citric acid. The results showed that the incorporation of carboxylate groups into BC via reaction with citric acid improved its absorption capacity. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the modified BC after soaking treatments showed HA deposition with diffractions attributed to low crystalline HA at 2θ = 11.7 °; 26.2 °; 29.4 °; 32.0 °; 33.0 °; 34.2 °; and 46.6 °. Furthermore, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that the average Ca/P ratio was 1.12.

Citric acid cross-linked regenerated bacterial cellulose as biodegradable film for food packaging

“…Compared with plant bers, BC possesses a unique nanoscale berous structure of three-dimensional network, high crystallinity (about 90%), high Young's modulus (10 MPa), and high purity (about 95%) (Choi et al, 2022). Rich in oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyls, BC surfaces can be easily modi ed and developed as food packaging materials, textile materials, biomedical materials and many other applications (Choi et al, 2022;Meftahi et al, 2018;Nurlidar et al, 2015;Xie et al, 2020;Ye et al, 2019). Since pristine BC lms are non-transparent, non-antibacterial, and usually thicker than plastic wrap, modi cation of BC or incorporation of other components like silver or chitosan are required for to achieve the requirements as food packaging (Abral et al, 2021;Salari et al, 2018), including transparency, anti-bacterial properties and formability.…”