Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review

Pajor, Kamil; Pajchel, Łukasz; Kolmas, Joanna

doi:10.3390/ma12172683

Cited by 160 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Moreover, toothpaste containing HA and Zn NPs demonstrated a greater efficacy than fluoride toothpaste to prevent the demineralization of enamel induced by acidic products [261]. Due to the presence of Zn, this toothpaste also decreased the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis [262].…”

Section: Hydroxyapatitementioning

confidence: 97%

Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

et al. 2020

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Many investigations have pointed out widespread use of medical nanosystems in various domains of dentistry such as prevention, prognosis, care, tissue regeneration, and restoration. The progress of oral medicine nanosystems for individual prophylaxis is significant for ensuring bacterial symbiosis and high-quality oral health. Nanomaterials in oral cosmetics are used in toothpaste and other mouthwash to improve oral healthcare performance. These processes cover nanoparticles and nanoparticle-based materials, especially domains of application related to biofilm management in cariology and periodontology. Likewise, nanoparticles have been integrated in diverse cosmetic produces for the care of enamel remineralization and dental hypersensitivity. This review summarizes the indications and applications of several widely employed nanoparticles in oral cosmetics, and describes the potential clinical implementation of nanoparticles as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and remineralizing agents in the prevention of dental caries, hypersensitivity, and periodontitis.

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Section: Hydroxyapatitementioning

confidence: 97%

Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

et al. 2020

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“…Therefore, even in orthopedics, bone hardening procedures should ensure the reconstructed bone maintains adequate hardness to resist bacterial colonization [26]. Hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-based composites are widely used in dentistry and orthopedics [27][28][29]. They have also confirmed good performances in infection scenarios [30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization

et al. 2020

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The search for materials able to remineralize human hard tissues is a modern medical challenge. In this study, the protective effect on the enamel microhardness by a paste based on hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride (Remin Pro) was evaluated after two different enamel bleaching procedures. Forty sound human incisors were randomly assigned to different treatments: bleaching with an in-office agent (Perfect Bleach Office+); bleaching with an at-home agent (Perfect Bleach); bleaching with the in-office agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; bleaching with the at-home agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; no treatment (control). Bleaching was performed at 0, 8, 24 and 32 h, followed by a 3-min re-mineralizing treatment in the subgroups designed to receive it. Specimens underwent a micro-hardness tester and a mean Vickers Hardness number was considered for each specimen. ANOVA exhibited significant differences among groups. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed significant micro-hardness decrease after the application of both the two bleaching agents. The treatment with prophylaxis paste significantly increased the micro-hardness values of bleached enamel.

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“…The absorption of fluorine affects its positive clinical action by increasing the enamel content of the fluorapatite, making it more resistant against acid demineralisation. 35 In the only study where laser was used on primary teeth, it seemed effective in reducing caries incidence, also when used alone, with better results than in permanent teeth. This difference of effectiveness could be explained by considering the difference in enamel structure shown in permanent and primary dentitions.…”

Section: Summary Of Evidencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lasers to prevent dental caries: a systematic review

Pagano

Lombardo

Orso³

et al. 2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of lasers (at sub-ablative parameters) in reducing caries incidence compared with traditional prophylactic interventions (TPIs) when used alone or together with other TPIs such as pits and fissures sealant or fluoride gels or varnishes.DesignA systematic review. Data sources include Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library (December 2019).Eligibility criteriaOnly randomised trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) dealing with prophylactic lasers use (vs TPI or untreated teeth) were considered as eligible. We excluded in vitro and ex vivo studies.Data extractionEligible studies were selected and data extracted independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was assessed adopting the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Data on caries incidence, sealant retention, fluoride uptake, adverse events, treatment duration, patients’ discomfort and cost-effectiveness ratio was extracted.Data analysisExtracted data were presented narratively due to the heterogeneity of included studies.ResultsSeven RCTs and two CCTs, all with an evident risk of bias, met inclusion criteria, pooling together 269 individuals and 1628 teeth. CO2, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet, erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG), erbium, chromium: yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) and Argon lasers were used. In the permanent dentition, lasers only when used in combination with TPIs were effective in reducing caries when compared with untreated teeth (risk ratio (RR)=0.44 (0.20–0.97); Er:YAG laser) or with TPIs used alone (RR=0.39 (0.22–0.71); CO2 laser). Moreover, Argon laser significantly improved the fluoride uptake into the enamel surfaces (ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA) tests: 95%, p<0.0001). Likewise, sealant retention improved when acid etching was performed on previously irradiated enamel fissures by CO2 laser (RR=0.63 (0.38–1.04)) or Er:YAG laser (RR=0.54 (95% CI: 0.34 to 0.87)). In addition, laser resulted safe and well tolerated by patients.ConclusionDespite some positive indications, an inadequate level of evidence was found in the included studies concerning the lasers’ effectiveness in preventing caries. Further studies with a higher methodological quality level are required.

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Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review

Cited by 160 publications

References 89 publications

Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

Nanoparticles as Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Remineralizing Agents in Oral Care Cosmetics: A Review of the Current Situation

In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization

Lasers to prevent dental caries: a systematic review

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