Hydroxyanthraquinones and flavonoids of garland chrysanthemum

Effect of photoperiod on flavonoid pathway activity in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves

“…The total concentration of phenolic acid compounds in leaves of sweet potato reported in the present study is lower than that reported by Huang et al (2006) for sweet potato tubers, but comparable to that reported for other edible plant leaves (Gins, Kolesnikov, Kononkov, Trishin, & Gins, 2000;Takenaka, Nagata, & Yoshida, 2000). These were found to be rich in chlorogenic acid, 2 -gentisic acid; 3 -catechin; 4 -chlorogenic acid; 5 -caffeic acid; 6 -epicatechin; 7 -p-coumaric acid; 8 -sinapic acid; 9 -benzoic acid; 10 -anisic acid; 11 -kaempferol; 12 -myricetin; 13 -cinnamic acid; 14 -quercetin.…”

Do Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) discriminate colours? An experiment with natural and artificial stimuli

“…Indeed, volatile chemical cues may convey information on flower contents, such as the amount of mineral salts, crude proteins, vitamins, fibers, carotenoids and flavonoids (Catoni et al 2008), which are necessary diet components to achieve an optimal growth (Herrel et al 2002;Sa et al 2004). Actually, most flowers used in the experiment contain high percentages of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other essential minerals (Paquette et al 1993;Guerrero et al 1999;Gins et al 2000;Rhainds et al 2007), and the crucial role of these nutrients for embryo development as well as for digestibility of calcium, magnesium and potassium is well known in the Hermann's tortoise (Speake et al 2001;Liesegang et al 2007). Therefore, the combined use of vision and olfaction may improve food detection and discrimination in this species.…”

NMR spectral analysis of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum coronarium

“…It is used in Egyptian traditional medicine [8]. It was reported that the plant contained terpenes [4], sterols, polyacetylenes [6], anthraquinones [9], and flavonoids [9,10]. In the course of our continuous studies on this plant, naringenin 5-O-glucoside (1) [11,12] as a rare flavanone glucoside was isolated with two flavone glucosides, apigenin 7-O-β-glucoside (2) and luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside (3); two aglycones, apigenin (4) and luteolin (5); two flavonol glucosides, kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside (6) and quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside (isoquercitrin) (7) [11,13]; and two aglycones, kaempferol (8) and quercetin (9).…”