Hydroxy-Selenomethionine Improves the Selenium Status and Helps to Maintain Broiler Performances under a High Stocking Density and Heat Stress Conditions through a Better Redox and Immune Response

Abstract

This study has determined whether hydroxy-selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) exerts a better protective action on broilers against environmental stress than sodium selenite (SS) or seleno-yeast (SY). Day-old male Cobb 500 broilers (12 cages/diet, 9 broilers/cage) were fed a selenium (Se)-deficient diet (0.047 mg/kg) supplemented with SS, SY or OH-SeMet at 0.3 mg Se/kg under a high stocking density and heat stress condition for six weeks. OH-SeMet improved the FCR and Se concentration in the tissues than SS and SY. SY and OH-SeMet both reduced the serum cortisol, T3, IL-6, IgA, IgM and LPS, more than SS, while only OH-SeMet further increased IL-10 and IgG. SY and OH-SeMet improved the intestinal morphology and increased the T-AOC, TXRND, SELENON and OCCLUDIN activities but decreased CLAUDIN2 in the jejunum than SS, while OH-SeMet further improved these values than SY. SY and OH-SeMet both increased SELENOS and TXNRD2 in the muscles than SS, and OH-SeMet further raised T-AOC, GPX4, SELENOP, SELENOW and TXNRD1, and reduced malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in the muscles than SS and SY. OH-SeMet showed a better ability to maintain the performance and the redox and immune status of broilers under a high stocking density and heat stress challenge than SS and SY.

Hydroxy-Selenomethionine, an Organic Selenium Source, Increases Selenoprotein Expression and Positively Modulates the Inflammatory Response of LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

“…Since the phagocytic capacity of macrophages is among the key features of the innate immune response, these results highlight the capacity of OH-SeMet to foster an innate immune response with minimal negative consequences for the tissues. Such results corroborate the observations made in different in vivo trials [ 24 , 27 , 37 , 64 ], where OH-SeMet supplementation promoted innate immune response compared to sodium selenite and selenized yeast, and provide further knowledge on OH-SeMet’s mode of action on macrophages.…”

“…It has been proven that OH-SeMet is fully converted into selenomethionine, conferring the ability to increase Se deposition in tissues of all species, including in muscle of chickens [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], eggs and breast muscle of laying hens [ 25 ], muscle of growing pigs [ 26 ], sow milk [ 27 ], beef cattle [ 28 , 29 ], and dairy cows [ 30 ]. Thus, improving Se availability will help to improve health and to give rise to a biofortified animal products which are beneficial for human consumers.…”

“…For this reason, relatively high non-toxic OH-SeMet concentrations have been used. In addition, pure organic forms of Se such as selenomethionine and OH-SeMet have a greater capacity to modulate selenoprotein gene expression than selenized yeasts or inorganic Se sources such as sodium selenite in different tissues [ 9 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In this context, it has previously been reported that OH-SeMet supplementation increased GPX1 and SELENOP gene expression in intestinal Caco-2 cells [ 9 ], consistent with the results obtained here in macrophages.…”

“…Nelson et al [ 61 ] stated that Se supplementation was able to induce the polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages from M1 macrophages towards M2 macrophages. Several studies have shown that OH-SeMet supplementation in non-stressed conditions is capable of decreasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β or TNFα and increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 [ 24 , 37 , 62 , 63 , 64 ]. Nevertheless, contrary to NAC, when a challenge was induced, OH-SeMet supplementation helped the macrophages to control the cytokine production by decreasing both proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and IL-1β) and maintaining the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, as previously described in other tissues [ 27 , 37 , 64 ].…”

A new selenium source from Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia improves growth performance, anti-oxidative capacity and meat quality in broilers

“…This study showed the similarly positive effects of SeCv and SeY on liver anti-oxidative capacity of broilers which is superior to the broilers fed SeNa and CON diets. Some research demonstrated that organic Se was more effective than inorganic Se in improving anti-oxidative capacity ( 38 ). The reason of similar results of SeCv and SeY may be that the 2 sources of Se were both mainly existed in the form of Selenoprotein ( 4 , 39 ).…”