Hydrovisbreaking of cerro negro crude oil.

Galiasso, R.; Salazar, J. A Cano; Blanco, Rodríguez; Morales, Alfredo Victoria

doi:10.1627/jpi1958.28.54

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The ratio of the atomic percentages of Mo 4+ (0.7) and S 2- (1.32) is 0.53 which corresponds very well with the stoichiometry of MoS 2 (Table ) as reported previously by Fixari et al The formation of MoS 2 is believed to occur by in situ reaction with sources of sulfur in the reaction mixture during the methane upgrading reaction as discussed previously in the Introduction. − …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The use of dispersed metal catalysts represents a feasible alternative for the upgrading of heavy oils and its fractions mainly due to the possibility of obtaining high dispersion of the active metal species with the concurrent high activity toward the desired reactions have been successfully applied to the liquefaction of coal, − the hydroconversion of heavy oil residue, , and heavy and extra-heavy crude oil upgrading. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A water- or oil-soluble metal catalyst precursor is normally introduced to the crude oil and it decomposes under thermal treatment and gives rise to a slurry of fine solid particles. The sulfided catalyst is subsequently produced by the in situ reaction of the precursor with sources of sulfur in the reaction mixture. , Several metals have been studied and, in general, Mo, Ni, and Fe showed higher conversion and lower asphaltene contents than other metals evaluated (Cr, V, and Co). ,, The concentration as well as the cost of the metals has been considered. In general, concentrations between 200 and 600 ppm are used and iron or molybdenum catalysts are the preferred metals. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a Dispersed Molybdenum Catalyst and Mechanistic Studies for Upgrading Extra-Heavy Crude Oil Using Methane as Source of Hydrogen

et al. 1998

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A dispersed molybdenum catalyst, derived from MoO 2 (acac) 2 (where acac ) acetylacetonate), was used for upgrading extra-heavy crude oil in the presence of methane as source of hydrogen. The experiments were carried out in a batch reactor at a final CH 4 pressure of 11 MPa, 410 °C, for 1 h. An increase of 7°in the API gravity, 16% of reduction in sulfur content, and 55% conversion of the >500 °C fraction with respect to the original crude was found. The catalyst was analyzed by XPS and EDAX from the coke isolated from the upgrading reaction and it was confirmed that molybdenum is present as MoS 2 . By XPS and SIMS, mechanistic studies were carried out using MoS 2 synthesized on a pure molybdenum sheet. A mechanism for addition of the methane to crude oil is proposed which involves activation of CH 4 by the MoS 2 catalyst generating CH x and H 4-x species on the catalyst surface (where x ) 1, 2, or 3). The CH x moiety can be added to the hydrocarbon molecules, forming methylated products. By carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, labeled methane ( 13 CH 4 ) was found to incorporate into the crude oil (estimated value 0.01% w/w) giving conclusive evidence on the involvement of CH 4 in the heavy crude oil upgrading processes.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of a Dispersed Molybdenum Catalyst and Mechanistic Studies for Upgrading Extra-Heavy Crude Oil Using Methane as Source of Hydrogen

et al. 1998

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“…This paper deals with a pilot plant study and vaporization measurement to show the effect of vaporization in diesel quality, and on HDS, poly-aromatics saturation (HDA) and mild hydrocracking (MHCK) reactions. Previous experience processing cracked feed stocks using a particular technology named HHC was published elsewhere [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Interpretation and Optimal Operating Conditions of VGO Mild HydroCracking

2016

International Journal of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineerin

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The application of mild hydro cracking using former hydrodesulfurization commercial units to produce low sulfur high cetane number Diesel is a growing area of interest. The total pressure and the type of catalyst used are some of constrains associated with the quality of the product obtained from mild conversion. This paper focuses on the effect of fluid dynamics and vaporization on the product quality. Two sets of experiments have been carried out in a pilot plant to obtain information on the product and to adjust the kinetics constants. In addition, a hot separation system has been used to obtain samples of gas and liquid phase at reaction conditions. In this way the gas and liquid properties in the reactor were evaluated. The mass and energy balance for the trickle bed reactor were performed by using a simplified lump of kinetics. Additionally a commercial simulation package was used to calculate the vaporization. Information from cold model was used to carry out old up measurements. The information was important in order to interpret the vaporization and the type of molecules present in gas and in liquid phases. Using the kinetics model it was shown that the increase in vaporization reduce the gas phase residence time, hydrogen partial pressure, and hydrogen hydrocarbons ratio. By modifying the mild hydrocracking reaction temperature, the cetane number of the diesel fraction produced initially increases and then decrease when temperature is risen. Aromatic and naphthenes increase in the lighter fractions at high conversion.

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“…Different methods have been used for the preparation of these catalysts. The most common procedure consists of thermal decomposition of organosoluble molybdenum compounds such as naphthenate (9,10) or acetylacetonate (8,11). However, the control of particle size as well as the complete characterization of the metal colloids and crystallites is not yet fully accomplished (1,2,5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%