Hydrous metal oxide ion exchangers for preparation of catalysts for direct coal liquefaction

Abstract

A group of hydrous oxide ion-exchange compounds which can be used to prepare hydrogenation catalysts by a novel synthesis route has been identified. These materials offer several advantages for catalyst formulation, including high surface area, dispersion of any metal or mixture of metals and promoters over a wide concentration range, and adjustment of substrate acidity as well as active metal oxidation state. Catalysts prepared by exchanging the sodium ion of sodium hydrous titanate for Ni, Mo, and Pd were tested for use in direct coal liquefaction. Results of hydrogenation experiments performed with the addition of the catalysts to a slurry of a bituminous coal in a coal-derived solvent demonstrated that hydrous titanate catalysts with active metal loadings as low as 1 % were equally effective for liquefying coal as a commercial NI-Mo/alumina catalyst containing 15% by weight active metals.

Metal-Support Interactions in Hydrous Titanium Oxide-Supported Nickel Catalysts

“…4 Based on total nickel content. Multiply by 3 to obtain dispersion based on reducible nickel content. consistent with strong adsorption of CO on metallic nickel.…”

Porous Materials

“…The textural properties of these coatings can be controlled by the size of the colloids. The versatility of sol-gel processing offers opportunities to develop coatings with tailored textural and polarity properties for catalytic applications [179] and as membranes for ultrafiltration [175,180].…”

Support effect on the formation of catalytic site precursors in the thiophene hydrodesulfurization

“…It could be explained with the reduction of the iron titanates analog, of which components are reduced in the temperature region 600-650°C [25]. Some amounts of the iron titanates could be formed during calcination of the catalysts [26]. The low intensive peak of the reduced TiO 2 support is appeared at 603°C (table 1) [27].…”