Hydrotreating of Jatropha Oil over Alumina Based Catalysts

Abstract

Hydrotreatment of nonedible jatropha oils over PtPd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst and NiMoP/Al 2 O 3 catalysts was investigated under conditions of 330−390 °C, 3 MPa and 2 h −1 in a fixed-bed reactor. A significantly high yield range of about 82 wt % of liquid hydrocarbon products was achieved over all catalysts. Moreover, the liquid hydrocarbon products have low acid number, suitable density and viscosity, and quite high cetane index. The oil can be a high-performance additive for diesel oil. The oxygen removal pathway of jatropha oil over PtPd/Al 2 O 3 catalyst is primarily compiled through decarboxylation and/or decarbonylation, but over NiMoP/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, the oxygen removal pathways are executed primarily by hydro-deoxygenation. A long-term experiment was conducted over catalyst A (NiMoP/Al 2 O 3 ). Results show that catalyst A starts deactivation from reaction time of 120 h. The sulfide catalyst conversion to oxide catalyst is regarded as the main reason for deactivation. The deactivated catalyst can be reused after regeneration treatment.

Transesterification of Triolein over Hydrophobic Microporous Carbon with SO3H Groups

“…Structural information of the prepared samples was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM;J EM2010F microscope, Jeol, 200 kV), X-ray diffraction (XRD;U LTIMA IV,R igaku), 13 Cc rosspolarization (CP) magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR;A SX-200, Bruker), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR;F T/IR-6100, Jasco), and N 2 -adsorption analysis (Autosorb-MP/VP system, Quantachrome). XRD patterns were obtained by using Cu Ka radiation (40 kV,4 0mA) at as can rate of 1.0 degree min À1 over the 2q range of 10-608.…”

“…XRD patterns were obtained by using Cu Ka radiation (40 kV,4 0mA) at as can rate of 1.0 degree min À1 over the 2q range of 10-608. 13 CC PM AS NMR spectra were measured at RT with as tatic magnetic field strength of 4.7 T, where the Larmor frequency of 13 Cw as 50.3 MHz. AB ruker MAS probe head was used with a7 mm zirconia rotor and as ample spin rate of 4.5 kHz.…”

“…As ar esult, SO 3 H-MC has micropores derived from the Y-type zeolite; however,t he periodic microporous structure from the template is not fully preserved. The 13 Cc ross-polarization/ magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP/MAS NMR) and FTIR spectra of SO 3 H-MC shown in Figure S3 indicate that SO 3 H-MC consists of polycyclic aromatic carbonw ith SO 3 H groups.B ecause of the large BET surfacea rea and confined microporous structure, most of the SO 3 Hg roups on SO 3 H-MC are expected to function as highly accessible actives ites for acidcatalyzed reactions. It should be noted that there are no resonance peaks from phenolic OH groups (150 ppm) and carboxyl groups (170 ppm) bonded to carbon sheets in the NMR spectrum, indicating the absence of these groups in SO 3 H-MC.…”

“…The catalyst( 0.2 g) was added to am ixture of triolein (1 mmol), oleic acid (0.15 mmol), and methanol (100 mL) at 353 Ka nd stirred for 1h.The compositionofthe triolein-oleica cid mixture is similar to that of Jetropha oil. [13] The results for methylo leatef ormation from oleic acid with methanol through esterificationa re also shown in Table 2. SO 3 H-MC and H 2 SO 4 produce methyl oleate with yields over 99 %o n the basis of trioleina nd oleic acid because both catalysts exhibit high catalytic performance for both the transesterification of trioleina nd the esterification of oleic acid, as shown in Figure 1a nd Ta ble 2.…”

Producción de Diésel Renovable a partir de Aceite de Higuerilla mediante Catalizadores de Níquel-Molibdeno Soportados sobre Alúmina

“…A escala de laboratorio se han reportado estudios sobre el hidrotratamiento catalítico de aceite de colza para la producción de alcanos lineales (Donnis et al, 2009); del aceite no comestible de Jatropha utilizando catalizadores soportados en alúmina (Pt-Pd/Al2O3 y Ni-MoP/Al2O3) (Gong et al, 2012); usando alúmina (Puralox SBa 200) e hidrotalcita (Plural MG70) (Romero et al, 2015); de triglicéridos con catalizadores convencionales sulfurados (NiMo/Al2O3) (Huber et al, 2007); de aceite de palma (tipo oleína de palma refinada) para producir diésel bio-hidrogenado (BHD) (Srifa et al, 2014) y del aceite de Girasol (No, 2014). Otros estudios incluyen hidrotratamiento de biomasas como aceites con alto contenido de triglicéridos y los aceites derivados de la licuefacción de alta presión o pirólisis de la biomasa (Gong et al, 2012), aceite de semilla de algodón (Sebos et al, 2009), aceite de colza (Kubička y Kaluža, 2010;Kubička y Horáček, 2011;Priecel et al, 2011b), aceite de soja (Veriansyah et al, 2012;No, 2014) y aceite de girasol (Šimáček et al, 2011). Como regla general, los resultados muestran que se puede lograr una conversión completa de los triglicéridos en condiciones de reacción adecuadas con los catalizadores mencionados.…”