Hydrotreating of bio-crude obtained from hydrothermal liquefaction of biopulp: effects of aqueous phase recirculation on the hydrotreated oil

Abstract

Aqueous phase recirculation (APR) during the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process is a means to enhance HTL performance and lower the need for intensive residual water treatment. However, the obtained HTL...

Producing Upgradeable Bio-Oil from Food Bio-Waste Via Hybrid-Assisted Pretreatment Coupled with Catalytic Hydrotreatment

“…The flask was placed in an oven at 70 • C to dry the contents until a constant weight was reached. The crude protein content (CP) was estimated by multiplying the nitrogen content of the bio-waste by a 6.25 (Kohansal et al, 2022;Mariotti et al, 2008). Following the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [21 CFR 101.9(c)(6)(i)-(iv)] instructions, the carbohydrate content was calculated based on:…”

“…Recently, the effect of aqueous phase recirculation (APR) on HTL has received some attention, and few solutions have been suggested (Harisankar et al, 2021;Kohansal et al, 2021;Leng et al, 2020;Zhu et al, 2015). Pedersen's Group investigated a two-stage process by integrating the APR with HTL process for wet biowaste (bio-pulp), and subsequently hydrotreating the bio-crude obtained over sulfided NiMo/Al 2 O 3 catalyst (Kohansal et al, 2022). Interestingly, the findings showed that the APR exhibited a promising result in terms of bio-crude yield and energy recovery.…”

“…However, the heterogeneous nature of biowaste remains the main challenge: more hydrogen is necessary to reduce the N-content, using severe hydrotreating conditions, to obtain a suitable drop-in quality of the biofuel. The authors also suggest that the two-stage process requires pretreatment that is capable of extracting N-content before being further processed in the downstream processing step (Kohansal et al, 2022). Slow pyrolysis is another prominently used thermochemical process to produce bio-oil from food waste by depolymerizing cellulose, hemicellulose, lipids, proteins, and lignin (Lu et al, 2020).…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to establish methods of recovering and stabilizing of these organics in bio-waste. Table 1 presents data characterizing the individual types of technology (Ahmed Ebrahim et al, 2022;Déniel et al, 2016;Fadhil, 2017;Harisankar et al, 2021;Kohansal et al, 2022Kohansal et al, , 2021Modak et al, 2023;Patra et al, 2021;Qing et al, 2022). The composition of bio-crudes varies depending on the chemical composition of the food waste and the conditions in which the process takes place.…”

Open-source Python module to automate GC-MS data analysis developed in the context of bio-oil analyses

“…In practice, quantifying the vast numbers of compounds detected in heterogeneous bio-oils requires the construction of a large calibration dataset. [10][11][12] Depending on the GC-MS column, compounds present, and their concentrations, derivatization may be necessary to improve identication, reproducibility and therefore nal quantication of species present. 6,13,14 Derivatization requires its own calibration to quantify derivatized peaks, sometimes at different operating conditions than the nonderivatized analysis.…”