Hydrothermal waters enriched in silica promote the development of a sponge community in North Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Bertolino, Marco; Oprandi, Alice; Santini, Chiara; Castellano, Michela; Pansini, Maurizio; Boyer, M.; Bavestrello, Giorgio

doi:10.1080/11250003.2016.1278475

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In the Bouraké lagoon, pH fluctuates with the tide, and one can expect that orthosilicic acid would rise during the falling tide. This elevated concentration of orthosilicic acid could be involved in the growth and persistence of the Bouraké large banks of Rhabdastrella globostellata, as previously reported for other sponges in the shallow hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean (Maldonado et al, 1999;Cárdenas and Rapp, 2013;Bertolino et al, 2017).…”

Section: Effects Of Physical and Chemical Conditions On Species Distributionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions

Maggioni

Pujo‐Pay²,

Aucan

et al. 2021

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. According to current experimental evidence, coral reefs could disappear within the century if CO2 emissions remain unabated. However, recent discoveries of diverse and high cover reefs that already live under extreme conditions suggest that some corals might thrive well under hot, high-pCO2, and deoxygenated seawater. Volcanic CO2 vents, semi-enclosed lagoons, and mangrove estuaries are unique study sites where one or more ecologically relevant parameters for life in the oceans are close to or even worse than currently projected for the year 2100. Although they do not perfectly mimic future conditions, these natural laboratories offer unique opportunities to explore the mechanisms that reef species could use to keep pace with climate change. To achieve this, it is essential to characterize their environment as a whole and accurately consider all possible environmental factors that may differ from what is expected in the future, possibly altering the ecosystem response. This study focuses on the semi-enclosed lagoon of Bouraké (New Caledonia, southwest Pacific Ocean) where a healthy reef ecosystem thrives in warm, acidified, and deoxygenated water. We used a multi-scale approach to characterize the main physical-chemical parameters and mapped the benthic community composition (i.e., corals, sponges, and macroalgae). The data revealed that most physical and chemical parameters are regulated by the tide, strongly fluctuate three to four times a day, and are entirely predictable. The seawater pH and dissolved oxygen decrease during falling tide and reach extreme low values at low tide (7.2 pHT and 1.9 mg O2 L−1 at Bouraké vs. 7.9 pHT and 5.5 mg O2 L−1 at reference reefs). Dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH fluctuate according to the tide by up to 4.91 mg O2 L−1, 6.50 ∘C, and 0.69 pHT units on a single day. Furthermore, the concentration of most of the chemical parameters was 1 to 5 times higher at the Bouraké lagoon, particularly for organic and inorganic carbon and nitrogen but also for some nutrients, notably silicates. Surprisingly, despite extreme environmental conditions and altered seawater chemical composition measured at Bouraké, our results reveal a diverse and high cover community of macroalgae, sponges, and corals accounting for 28, 11, and 66 species, respectively. Both environmental variability and nutrient imbalance might contribute to their survival under such extreme environmental conditions. We describe the natural dynamics of the Bouraké ecosystem and its relevance as a natural laboratory to investigate the benthic organism's adaptive responses to multiple extreme environmental conditions.

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Section: Effects Of Physical and Chemical Conditions On Species Distributionsupporting

confidence: 77%

The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions

Maggioni

Pujo‐Pay²,

Aucan

et al. 2021

Biogeosciences

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“… Ircinia colossa sp. n. is frequent in the Bunaken Park and the nearby Bangka Island (North Sulawesi); the paratype was found with other relatively large specimens (50 cm high or more) near a hot vent flowing from a sandy bottom ( Bertolino et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 87%

Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species

Calcinai¹,

Bastari²,

Bavestrello³

et al. 2017

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Sponges are key components of the benthic assemblages and play an important functional role in many ecosystems, especially in coral reefs. The Indonesian coral reefs, located within the so-called “coral triangle”, are among the richest in the world. However, the knowledge of the diversity of sponges and several other marine taxa is far from being complete in the area. In spite of this great biodiversity, most of the information on Indonesian sponges is scattered in old and fragmented literature and comprehensive data about their diversity are still lacking. In this paper, we report the presence of 94 species recorded during different research campaigns mainly from the Marine Park of Bunaken, North Sulawesi. Six species are new for science and seven represent new records for the area. Several others are very poorly known species, sometimes recorded for the second time after their description. For most species, besides field data and detailed descriptions, pictures in vivo are included. Moreover, two new symbiotic sponge associations are described.This work aims to increase the basic knowledge of Indonesian sponge diversity as a prerequisite for monitoring and conservation of this valuable taxon.

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“…Moreover, as observed in the Smoking Land, sponges are considered one of the most important components of epibenthic communities associated with shallow hydrothermal vents. Species of this phylum were abundantly found in the hydrothermally influenced submarine cave of Palinuro (South of Italy) [ 52 , 53 ] and at Milos [ 54 ], in the Mediterranean Sea, but also in SW Pacific, in hydrothermally influenced water off Ambitle Island, Papua New Guinea [ 55 ] and Indonesia [ 56 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional discovery of a shallow-water hydrothermal site in the SW area of Basiluzzo islet (Aeolian archipelago, South Tyrrhenian Sea): An environment to preserve

et al. 2018

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The geological, biological and geochemical features of a particular field of hydrothermal vents, discovered in the Panarea Volcanic Complex during a research survey carried out in 2015, are described for the first time. The site, located at 70–80 m depth off the South-western coast of the islet of Basiluzzo, was named Smoking Land for the presence of a large number of wide and high active chimneys and was characterized in terms of dissolved benthic fluxes, associated macrofauna and megafauna communities and preliminary mineralogy and geochemistry of chimney structures. On the whole field, a total of 39 chimneys, different in size and shape, were closely observed and described; 14 of them showed emission of low temperature hydrothermal fluids of marine origin characterized by acidified chemical conditions. The CTD and benthic chamber measurements highlighted that the Smoking Land is able to form a sea water bottom layer characterized by variable acidity and high DIC and trace elements concentrations; these characteristics weaken moving away from the chimney mouths. The SEM-EDS analysis of the collected solid samples revealed a chimney structure principally composed by amorphous and low crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxides of hydrothermal origins. The ROV explorations revealed a wide coverage of red algae ( Peyssonnelia spp.) colonized by the green algae Flabiella petiolata and by suspension feeders, mainly sponges, but also bryozoans, and tubicolous polychaetes. Although novent-exclusive species were identified, the benthic communities found in association to the chimneys included more taxa than those observed in the surrounding no-vent rocky areas. These first findings evidence a submarine dynamic habitat where geological, chemical and biological processes are intimately connected, making the Smoking Land an important site in terms of marine heritage that should be safeguarded and protected.

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Hydrothermal waters enriched in silica promote the development of a sponge community in North Sulawesi (Indonesia)

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions

The Bouraké semi-enclosed lagoon (New Caledonia) – a natural laboratory to study the lifelong adaptation of a coral reef ecosystem to extreme environmental conditions

Demosponge diversity from North Sulawesi, with the description of six new species

Exceptional discovery of a shallow-water hydrothermal site in the SW area of Basiluzzo islet (Aeolian archipelago, South Tyrrhenian Sea): An environment to preserve

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