Hydrothermal vents in Lake Baikal

Crane, Kathleen; Hecker, Barbara; Голубев, В. С.

doi:10.1038/350281a0

Cited by 66 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Only a few works address sub-lacustrine hydrothermal activity in active continental rifts: e.g., the East African Rift system [Lakes Tanganyika (Tiercelin et al, 1989;Pflumio et al, 1994;Barrat et al, 2000), Malawi (Müller and Förstner, 1973;Branchu et al, 2005) and Bogoria (Renaut et al, 2013)], the Baikal Rift (Crane et al, 1991;Granina et al, 2007), and the Basin and Range Province (western United States) (Bischoff et al, 1993;Benson, 1994;Rosen et al, 2004).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonate chimneys from a continental rift (Afar Rift): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and mode of formation

et al. 2014

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International audienceCarbonate chimney-like deposits up to 60 m high are scattered or arranged in rows at the shores of a desiccating hypersaline and alkaline lake from a continental rift setting (Lake Abhé, Afar Rift, Djibouti). The chimneys formed sub-aqueously in the lake water body at a higher water level than observed today. Alternating calcite and low-Mg calcite + silica concentric layers compose the chimney structures. Mineralogical and geochemical investigations of the chimneys, lake water, and hot spring (hydrothermal) fluids suggest that the chimneys are a result of rapid carbonate precipitation during the mixing of hydrothermal fluids with lake water. In contrast to the hot spring fluid, lake water is enriched in HREE and possesses a pronounced positive Ce anomaly, features that are preserved in the carbonate chimney layers. Mixing calculations based on Sr-isotope and concentration data indicate a hydrothermal fluid contribution of ~ 45% in the chimney interior, which decreases to ~ 4% in the external chimney layer. Sr in the hydrothermal fluids is predominantly leached from the underlying volcanic rocks, whereas the lake's Sr budget is dominated by riverine input. Considering the fluid mixing ratios calculated by Sr-data, the measured C and O isotope compositions indicate that chimney carbonates precipitated at temperatures between 14 °C (internal part) and 22 °C (external part) with δ13C-carbonate mainly controlled by isotope equilibrium exchange of lake water with atmospheric CO2. The low-Mg calcite layers, including the outermost layer, have enhanced signals of lake water inheritance based on elevated concentrations of immobile elements, ΣREE, and Sr and Ca isotope compositions. Ca-isotope data reveal that internal chimney layers formed by non-equilibrium calcite precipitation with a predominantly hydrothermal Ca source. The external low-Mg calcite layer received Ca contributions from both hydrothermal fluid and lake water, with the latter being the dominant Ca source. Highly positive δ44/40Ca of lake water likely reflects non-equilibrium Ca-carbonate precipitation during lake water evaporation with resulting 44Ca enrichment of residual lake water. The strong degree of 44Ca enrichment may point towards multiple lake drying and Ca-reservoir depletion events. Coupled C–O–Ca-isotope data of the sampled carbonate chimney suggest late-stage (low-temperature) hydrothermal carbonate chimney formation during strongly evaporative lake conditions at the time of low-Mg calcite precipitation. U–Th age dating suggests that the chimneys formed no earlier than 0.82 kyr BP (0.28 ± 0.54)

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal carbonate chimneys from a continental rift (Afar Rift): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and mode of formation

et al. 2014

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“…Bathymetric distribution ranges from hundreds of meters in some lakes (e.g., Baikal) to surfaces exposed to hot air and direct sunlight during low water levels (Crane, 1991;de Ronde et al, 2002;Manconi and Pronzato, 1994b, 2009Manconi et al, 1995;Manconi, 2008;Tabachnick, personal communication). Freshwater sponges can survive extreme environmental constraints ranging from ice to cold and hot water, desiccation, silty floods, anoxy, eutrophy, and high concentrations of chemicals, hydrocarbons, and heavy metals (Old, 1932;Jewell, 1935Jewell, , 1939Sarà and Vacelet, 1973;Harrison, 1974Harrison, , 1977Rader, 1984;Rader and Winget, 1985;Van Soest and Velikonja, 1986;Willenz et al, 1986;Francis and Harrison, 1988;Ricciardi and Reiswig, 1993;Richelle-Maurer et al, 1994a,b;Vacelet, 1994;Reiswig and FIGURE 8.13 Reproductive strategies of most Spongillina display both K and r phases.…”

Section: Habitat Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylum Porifera

Manconi

2015

Thorp and Covich's Freshwater Invertebrates

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“…Another peculiarity of this freshwater system is a subaquatic hydrothermal point source (vent system) located in the region of Frolikha Bay (Northern Baikal). The hydrothermal activity is characterized by increased heat flux from the bottom (Crane et al, 1991;Golubev et al, 1993), excess of crustal 4 He in bottom waters (Kipfer et al, 1996), 0016-7037/$ -see front matter Ó 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%