Hydrothermal vein formation by extension-driven dewatering of the middle crust: An example from SW Germany

Staude, Sebastian; Bons, Paul D.; Markl, Gregor

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2009.07.012

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, exhumation of deeper rocks could occur in extensional tectonic settings if the crust is being thinned, in a way that the surface of the crust goes down while the Moho moves up. Therefore, rocks below a neutral level can be exhumed, as was suggested by Staude et al (2009) for the extensive hydrothermal activity during Jurassic basin development in the German Black Forest. The area experienced rifting phases in the Mesozoic (Salas & Casas 1993;Salas et al 2001) and in the Late Cretaceous-early Palaeocene (e.g.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Smith 1996), and (c) fluids released by heating or by decompression, the latter being associated with exhumation or an extensional stress field (e.g. Staude et al 2009). The geochemistry of the hydrothermal fluids in Benicàssim and other parts of the Maestrat Basin rules out the possibility that they were derived from dehydration reactions or are of magmatic origin (Gomez-Rivas et al 2014b).…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exhumation reduces lithostatic pressure by a reduction of the overburden load, while extensional stress reduces the mean stress and therefore pressure. Decompression can release fluids because they are about ten times more compressible than their host rocks (Staude et al 2009). If a rock decompresses, its volume increase is negligible, and therefore the pore fluid pressure remains the same.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates

Martín‐Martín

Gomez‐Rivas

Gómez‐Gras

et al. 2017

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Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Overpressured Fluid Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates

Martín‐Martín

Gomez‐Rivas

Gómez‐Gras

et al. 2017

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“…Such "mobile hydrofractures" thus propagate together with their contained fluid and can reach velocities in the order of m/s [16,22,23]. Possible fluid sources which may generate the necessary fluid pressure for hydraulic brecciation and hydraulic fracturing are fluid released by igneous intrusions [24], fluid release due to decompression [25,26] or mineral dehydration reactions [27]. Dehydration of the mineral biotite appears to be the main fluid source in case of Hidden Valley [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport efficiency and dynamics of hydraulic fracture networks

2015

Self Cite

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Intermittent fluid pulses in the Earth's crust can explain a variety of geological phenomena, for instance the occurrence of hydraulic breccia. Fluid transport in the crust is usually modeled as continuous Darcian flow, ignoring that sufficient fluid overpressure can cause hydraulic fractures as fluid pathways with very dynamic behavior. Resulting hydraulic fracture networks are largely self-organized: opening and healing of hydraulic fractures depends on local fluid pressure, which is, in turn, largely controlled by the fracture network. We develop a crustal-scale 2D computer model designed to simulate this process. To focus on the dynamics of the process we chose a setup as simple as possible. Control factors are constant overpressure at a basal fluid source and a constant "viscous" parameter controlling fracture-healing. Our results indicate that at large healing rates hydraulic fractures are mobile, transporting fluid in intermittent pulses to the surface and displaying a 1/f α behavior. Low healing rates result in stable networks and constant flow. The efficiency of the fluid transport is independent from the closure dynamics of veins or fractures. More important than preexisting fracture networks is the distribution of fluid pressure. A key requirement for dynamic fracture networks is the presence of a fluid pressure gradient.

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“…Inferred crustal thinning and a high geothermal gradient could have promoted small-scale convection cells that acted as the heat source and driving mechanism to move the mineralizing fluids toward shallower depths. In this respect, hydrological modelling by Staude et al (2009) …”

Section: Proposed Genetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and Geochemistry of the Aouli Sulphide ± Fluorite ± Barite Vein Deposit (Upper Moulouya District, Morocco) and Its Relationships to Pangean Rifting and Opening of the Tethys and Central Atlantic Oceans

Bouabdellah¹,

Margoum²

2016

Mineral Deposits of North Africa

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The Aouli Pb-Zn ± F ± Ba deposit in the upper Moulouya district of central Morocco consists of an array of multi-kilometer, transtensional, sub-vertical veins grouped into four main systems referred to as Aouli, Ansegmir, Sidi Said, and Sidi Ayad. Collectively, these veins produced *10 Mt of ore at a grade of 5 % Pb. Host rocks are a succession of folded and low-to medium-grade metasedimentary and minor metavolcanic rocks of Cambro-Ordovician age locally intruded by the multiphase ca. *330-319 Ma Aouli batholith. The veins occur either within the Aouli granitic intrusion (i.e., Ansgemir), Cambro-Ordovician schistose pelites (i.e., Aouli, Sidi Said), or both (i.e., Sidi Ayad). Overall, the orebodies exhibit very low Zn/Pb ratios, and contain 150-600 g/t Ag and 200-700 g/t Bi. Hydrothermal alteration is weakly to moderately developed in the vicinity and surrounding the veins, and is dominated by intense silicification coupled with minor sericitization, both types being superimposed on regional propylitic alteration. The sulphide mineralization consists principally of varying proportions of galena and sphalerite, and to a much lesser extent chalcopyrite and pyrite. Gangue minerals include multiple generations of quartz and paragenetically later fluorite and barite. Combined fluid inclusion data together with stable and radiogenic isotopic constraints indicate that the Aouli vein-type sulphide ± fluorite ± barite mineralization formed during the Permian-Jurassic contemporaneously with Pangean rifting and subsequent opening of the Tethys and Central 291Atlantic oceans. Mixing at the basement-cover interface of an ascending, deep-seated fluid that equilibrated with Hercynian crystalline basement rocks, and formation and/or meteoric water, is proposed to have triggered ore deposition.

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Hydrothermal vein formation by extension-driven dewatering of the middle crust: An example from SW Germany

Cited by 97 publications

References 37 publications

Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates

Activation of stylolites as conduits for overpressured fluid flow in dolomitized platform carbonates

Transport efficiency and dynamics of hydraulic fracture networks

Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and Geochemistry of the Aouli Sulphide ± Fluorite ± Barite Vein Deposit (Upper Moulouya District, Morocco) and Its Relationships to Pangean Rifting and Opening of the Tethys and Central Atlantic Oceans

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