Hydrothermal Synthesis of BaTiO₃ Nanopowders Using TiO₂ Nanoparticles

Abstract

Anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles, obtained by hydrolyzing titanium isopropoxide in distilled water, were used to synthesize BaTiO 3 (BT) nanopowder by the hydrothermal method. When titanium isopropoxide was used, BT nanopowder with a low tetragonality of 1.0070 was formed because of the presence of OHions in the oxygen sites and Ba vacancies. However, by changing the titanium source from titanium isopropoxide to TiO 2 nanoparticles, a homogeneous BT nanopowder with similar particle size and a high tetragonality of 1.0081 was synthesized. The size of the BT nanopowder particles was decreased by reducing the synthesis time. In particular, the BT nanopowder that was synthesized at 220°C for 16 h with a Ba/Ti molar ratio of 4.0 exhibited a high tetragonality of 1.0083 and a smallparticlesizeof126.0 nm. E. Suvaci-contributing editorManuscript No. 33609.

Solvothermal synthesis of nanoscale BaTiO3 in benzyl alcohol–water mixtures and effects of manganese oxide coating to enhance the PTCR effect

“…It has been reported that the BaTiO 3 with a large tetragonality is crucial in achieving the multilayer capacitor with a large capacitance, 27 and the tetragonality ( c / a ) can be used to indicate the degree of tetragonal-cubic distortion. 28 Fig.…”

Photo‐electrochemical activity and selectivity of nanocrystalline BaTiO3 electrodes in water oxidation

“…[ 18 ] To increase the activity and reactivity of BaTiO 3 materials, preparation of materials in nanocrystalline forms is intensively sought. Nanoparticles of BaTiO 3 have been synthesized by numerous synthetic procedures such as hydrothermal synthesis, [ 19 ] microwave hydrothermal treatment, [ 20 ] sol‐gel method, [ 21 ] and molten salt synthesis. [ 22 ]…”

“…[18] To increase the activity and reactivity of BaTiO 3 materials, preparation of materials in nanocrystalline forms is intensively sought. Nanoparticles of BaTiO 3 have been synthesized by numerous synthetic procedures such as hydrothermal synthesis, [19] microwave hydrothermal treatment, [20] sol-gel method, [21] and molten salt synthesis. [22] Despite the high versatility of the conventional advanced synthetic techniques, their application in the synthesis of titanates often results in products contaminated with unreacted starting materials [23] and/or carbonates [24] and also do not allow simultaneous control of material's characteristics.…”

Facile Synthesis of BaTiO3 Nanocubes with the Use of Anatase TiO2 Nanorods as a Precursor to Titanium Hydroxide

“…Dong et al reported the successful synthesis of av ariety of BaTiO 3 nanocrystals using TiCl 4, [23] while Paik et al employed both titanium isopropoxide and TiO 2 crystalline particles( am ixture of anatase and brookite) to produce BaTiO 3 powders. [24] Av ariety of BaTiO 3 powders, including tubes, wires, and cube-like particles, have all been re-ported through the use of either crystalline TiO 2 or titanium alkoxide as ap recursor. [22,[25][26][27] Though there are varying and sometimes conflicting reports on the mechanistice ffect of Ti precursor on the final shape of BaTiO 3 products, [28,39] both the Caruntu and Poeppelmeier groups have reportedt he use of solvothermals yntheses to produce BaTiO 3 nanocubes through the addition of oleic acid, ak nown {100} capping agent,t o their reactions.…”

“…reported the successful synthesis of a variety of BaTiO 3 nanocrystals using TiCl 4, while Paik et al. employed both titanium isopropoxide and TiO 2 crystalline particles (a mixture of anatase and brookite) to produce BaTiO 3 powders . A variety of BaTiO 3 powders, including tubes, wires, and cube‐like particles, have all been reported through the use of either crystalline TiO 2 or titanium alkoxide as a precursor .…”