“…In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change is negative. The enthalpy reaction of H2O2 and PbO2 is shown in reactions (4) and (5).…”
Section: Effect Of Pb Oxide Drying Variations On Rbb Decolorizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The lowest decolorization process came from drying with a furnace at 400°C. This is because Pb(IV) has a melting point of 290°C, so when drying is carried out at a higher temperature of 400°C, the Pb oxide phase changes [5]. Research conducted by Cao et al [6] stated that when the temperature is above 160°C, PbO2 will decompose more quickly to Pb3O4.…”
Section: Effect Of Pb Oxide Drying Variations On Rbb Decolorizationmentioning
In this study, the lead oxide has been successfully synthesized using oxidizing agents (NH4)2S2O8 and applied to decolorize the Remazole Black B (RBB) solution. Lead oxide was synthesized by the batch method through the mechanism of reduction-oxidation and characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. Decolorizing RBB solution was performed using a modified Fenton method. This study aims to determine the optimum performance of RBB decolorization from lead oxide. The results showed that the crystal formed contains Pb and O. Pb oxide obtained was α-PBO2 with the orthorhombic crystal system. Based on characterization, the lead oxide obtained has a surface morphology of coral flowers-like. Synthesis utilizing equilibrium composition (1:2) and a drying temperature of 100°C yielded Pb oxide, which has a better potential as a modifier in RBB decolorization with a decolorization percentage of 80.07%. The process was then carried out for advanced synthesis less and excess of molar variations. The ratio of lead oxide: NaOH (1:4) showed optimum performance in decolorizing RBB with a decolorization percentage of 80.07 %.
“…In an exothermic reaction, the enthalpy change is negative. The enthalpy reaction of H2O2 and PbO2 is shown in reactions (4) and (5).…”
Section: Effect Of Pb Oxide Drying Variations On Rbb Decolorizationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The lowest decolorization process came from drying with a furnace at 400°C. This is because Pb(IV) has a melting point of 290°C, so when drying is carried out at a higher temperature of 400°C, the Pb oxide phase changes [5]. Research conducted by Cao et al [6] stated that when the temperature is above 160°C, PbO2 will decompose more quickly to Pb3O4.…”
Section: Effect Of Pb Oxide Drying Variations On Rbb Decolorizationmentioning
In this study, the lead oxide has been successfully synthesized using oxidizing agents (NH4)2S2O8 and applied to decolorize the Remazole Black B (RBB) solution. Lead oxide was synthesized by the batch method through the mechanism of reduction-oxidation and characterized using SEM-EDX and XRD. Decolorizing RBB solution was performed using a modified Fenton method. This study aims to determine the optimum performance of RBB decolorization from lead oxide. The results showed that the crystal formed contains Pb and O. Pb oxide obtained was α-PBO2 with the orthorhombic crystal system. Based on characterization, the lead oxide obtained has a surface morphology of coral flowers-like. Synthesis utilizing equilibrium composition (1:2) and a drying temperature of 100°C yielded Pb oxide, which has a better potential as a modifier in RBB decolorization with a decolorization percentage of 80.07%. The process was then carried out for advanced synthesis less and excess of molar variations. The ratio of lead oxide: NaOH (1:4) showed optimum performance in decolorizing RBB with a decolorization percentage of 80.07 %.
“…The LaMer-Dinegar theory could be applied for colloidal monodispersed condition which was used to predict further crystal growth ( figure 2(d)). In this case, the PVP was used as a surface directing agent [31] which capped the surface of PbO 2 restricting further growth. The negatively charged PVP then acted as new nucleation centres of Pb 2+ ions, resulting in local aggregation of nanoparticles in figures 3(c), (d).…”
Section: Decoration Of Tio 2 Nanotubes With Pbomentioning
Hierarchical PbO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) were grown by hydrothermal method on TiO 2 nanotubes (NTs) at 3D titanium felt, which is simple and scalable method. TiO 2 NTs were formed on titanium felt by anodising at 25°C in environmentally friendly methanesulphonic acid solution. The growth of PbO 2 on the TiO 2 NTs depended on immersion time during hydrothermal synthesis and followed a LaMer-Dinegar burst kinetic model of nucleation and growth. PbO 2 formation began with rapid nucleation, followed by mesoscale assembly due to organic capping of poly(vinylpyrrolidinone). The electrochemical performance of 3D electrode was recorded in pH 3 sodium sulphate solutions containing Reactive Black 5 (RB-5) azo dye at 25°C. The resulting hierarchical 3D electrode achieved 98% decolourisation after 50 min of anodic oxidation with a first order batch decay rate of 0.0875 min −1 .
“…The experimental values of gas chromatographic retention time for 74 pesticides were found from reference [26]. These compounds including some pesticides were analyzed in drinking water by gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (DB-5 capillary column (30 m ×0.25 mm ×0.25 m; Agilent, USA)).…”
In this study, quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) methodology was employed for modeling of gas chromatographic retention time for 74 pesticides. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SW-MLR) was used for the selection of most important descriptors. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and genetic programming (GP) were utilized to develop linear and symbolic regression equation models, respectively. Inspection to statistical parameters of developed MLR and GP models indicates symbolic regression equation via GP can be selected as the best fitted model. For this model, the square correlation coefficients (R 2 ) were 0.943 and 0.911, and the root-mean square errors (RMSE) were 2.56 and 2.77 for the training and test sets, respectively. The built GP model was assessed by leave one out cross-validation (Q 2 cv = 0.79, SPRESS = 2.57) as well as external validation. In addition, the result of sensitivity analysis of GP model suggest structural features and polarity are important factors responsible for gas-chromatographic retention time values of studied pesticides.
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