Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Liu, Chengjun; Zhao, Qing; Wang, Yeguang; Shi, Peiyang; Jiang, Maofa

doi:10.1016/j.cjche.2016.04.024

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…After the recovery of Fe-species, the treated water was rich in sulphate, which was recovered by adding 5 g of lime per L of treated water, thus leading to the formation of calcium sulphate (gypsum) (Liu et al, 2016). The product slurry was recovered as described in section 2.2.1 and then dried at 105 °C for 24 hrs.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Gypsummentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficiation of acid mine drainage (AMD): A viable option for the synthesis of goethite, hematite, magnetite, and gypsum – Gearing towards a circular economy concept

Akinwekomi

Maree²,

Masindi

et al. 2020

Minerals Engineering

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Pollution of water resources by acid mine drainage (AMD) has been an issue of primary concern in recent decades, since it negatively affects the environment and its suitability to foster life. As such, efforts to recover, valorise and beneficiate minerals acquired from AMD treatment process have been ongoing, albeit with minimal success. With that in mind, this study unpacks novel ways of beneficiating AMD via the synthesis of valuable minerals with myriads of industrial applications. To this end, real AMD was used to synthesize goethite, hematite, magnetite, and gypsum (product minerals). Drinking water was also reclaimed as part of the treatment process, hence rendering this system a zero-liquid-discharge (ZLD) process. For the synthesis of goethite, hematite, and magnetite, Fe(III) and Fe(II) were recovered via sequential precipitation in batch reactors. Lime was added to treated water to synthesize high-grade gypsum. Furthermore, reverse osmosis (RO) was employed to reclaim drinking water as per South African drinking water standards (SANS 241) specifications. Product minerals were ascertained using advanced analytical techniques. Concisely, this study proved that AMD can be beneficiated into valuable minerals, which could be utilized in a number of industrial applications. The profits from selling the product minerals can potentially aid in offsetting the running costs of the treatment process, hence making this

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Section: Synthesis Of Gypsummentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficiation of acid mine drainage (AMD): A viable option for the synthesis of goethite, hematite, magnetite, and gypsum – Gearing towards a circular economy concept

Akinwekomi

Maree²,

Masindi

et al. 2020

Minerals Engineering

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“…While reports on the fabrication of CS bulk materials and whiskers are available, only a few publications concern the fabrication of CS-NRs or CS-μRs. Published procedures include the salt solution method, hydrothermal synthesis, ultrasonic synthesis using biosurfactants, utilizing reverse micelles in water-immiscible solvents, and employing emulsions. , However, most of these methods require complex techniques and/or high temperatures (in some cases for sintering). Thus, fabrication of CS materials uniform in size and shape on a nanometer scale remains problematic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Micelle-Mediated Size-Controlled Fabrication of Calcium Sulfate Nanorods Using Silver Nanoparticles

2020

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Calcium sulfate nanorods (CS-NRs) are valuable materials utilized in various applications, particularly in the medical field. In this work, the size-controlled synthesis of CS-NRs was carried out on the basis of the micelle-mediated phase separation phenomenon. A nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114, was employed for the thermoresponsive phase separation of a homogeneous solution to a surfactant-rich phase. Whereas each specific ion, Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− , was difficult to individually extract when present at concentrations less than their equilibrium concentration (solubility product constant, K sp ), the synthesized CS microrods (CS-μRs) were extracted into the surfactant-rich phase (enrichment factor = ca. 50). The presence of nitric acid increased the size of the materials up to 6707 ± 3488 nm on the long side and 87 ± 37 nm on the short side. The addition of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to the reaction mixture led to the formation of much smaller products, i.e., uniform CS-NRs whose sizes were in the range of 89 ± 15 nm (long side) and 25 ± 4 nm (short side). The size of the extracted Ag-NPs and CS-NRs decreased with an increase in added Ag-NP concentration until their microscopic observation became difficult. The factors (such as additive concentration, pH, temperature) affecting size control were evaluated.

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“…Organic reagents can promote or inhibit the crystal growth along specific planes to modify the morphology [27]. Liu et al investigated the effects of particle size of FGD gypsum, slurry concentration, and additives on calcium sulfate whiskers prepared from FGD gypsum [28,29]. The results indicated that sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate could improve the morphology of the calcium sulfate whiskers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Additives on the Morphologies of Hydrothermal Products Prepared from Semi-Dry Desulfurization Residues

Li¹,

Hao²,

Yuan³

2018

Crystals

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For effective utilization of the residues, calcium sulfate whiskers were prepared from semi-dry desulfurization residues by hydrothermal synthesis reactions. Aiming at collecting the products with a long length and large aspect ratio, the additives, including sodium oleate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and sodium citrate, were added to control the growth of the crystal. Compared with no additives, whiskers with relatively a longer length and larger aspect ratio could be obtained in the presence of sodium oleate or SDBS. The sodium citrate made the whiskers thicker and shorter. Then, the effects of the additives on crystal growth and the morphology of the hydrothermal products were investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and molecular dynamics simulations. According to the results of XRD, the diffraction intensity of the crystal face (400) increased under the influence of sodium oleate, promoting crystal growth along the c-axis. The molecular structures of the corresponding faces were built based on the strong peaks shown in the XRD patterns. The atomic distribution on the computed crystal faces was presented. The interaction energies on different faces were calculated to illustrate the different adsorption configurations of the additives. Among the calculated faces, the interaction energies on (400) were both most negative for sodium oleate and SDBS. Therefore, sodium oleate and SDBS preferred to adsorb on (400). As a result, the growth of (400) was thus inhibited and the crystal grew along the c-axis. Compared with sodium oleate and SDBS, the lowest adsorption energy of sodium citrate on the face (310) indicated that sodium citrate has no positive effect on the directional growth of the crystal parallel to c-axis. The molecular simulation results were virtually identical to the crystal faces analysis results.

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Hydrothermal synthesis of calcium sulfate whisker from flue gas desulfurization gypsum

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Beneficiation of acid mine drainage (AMD): A viable option for the synthesis of goethite, hematite, magnetite, and gypsum – Gearing towards a circular economy concept

Beneficiation of acid mine drainage (AMD): A viable option for the synthesis of goethite, hematite, magnetite, and gypsum – Gearing towards a circular economy concept

Rapid Micelle-Mediated Size-Controlled Fabrication of Calcium Sulfate Nanorods Using Silver Nanoparticles

Effect of Additives on the Morphologies of Hydrothermal Products Prepared from Semi-Dry Desulfurization Residues

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