Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of micro to nano sized carbon particles

Hydrothermal technology for nanotechnology

“…Further, Schmidt and Benndorf were of the opinion that the increased concentration of atomic hydrogen and the C 1 H x radicals by dissociating the organic compound in a closed system is an ideal environment for the stabilization of carbon phase especially for the sp 3 e hybridized carbon under the sub-natural conditions [135]. The authors [136,137] have noticed not only the improvement in the yield of carbon particles but also the change in the shape of the carbon particles precipitated to spherical, ovoid and scaly material having metallic luster. Fig.…”

“…The growth of these crystallites resembles the zeolite crystals grown in voids and cavities of volcanic flows. The authors [136,137] have also noticed different stages in the development of hollow and porous carbon phase formation, i.e. fluid like material is coming out of the solid spherical or ovoid particles through a vent, resulting in hollow ovoid or spheres (Fig.…”

“…Quantification of the mechanism leading to the formation of desired shape and type of carbon formation is difficult since the phenomenon observed as above is not unique to any of the particular conditions of formation. Hitherto, the attempts on the hydrothermal synthesis of diamond/sp 3 e hybridized carbon succeeded in the overgrowth of seeded diamond crystal and in some, they even used the metal catalysts, but in the study of authors [136,137] they did not use either the diamond seed or the metal catalysts. Thus, they demonstrated that, not only the overgrowth but also the nucleation and crystallization of diamond were possible under hydrothermal conditions, particularly under sub-natural conditions.…”

Solvothermal reactions: an original route for the synthesis of novel materials

“…Solvothermal synthesis of nanocrystallites with the nanotube-morphology have been developed during these last years -in particular carbon nanotubes [127][128][129][130], bismuth nanotubes [131], tellurium nanotubes [132] due to the potential applications of such specific morphology. In parallel intermetallic nano-particles as FePt nanowires have been investigated [133].…”

Synthesis of Structurally Novel Carbon Micro/ Nanospheres by Low Temperature-Hydrothermal Process

“…22 Among these, carbon spheres are becoming increasingly important due to their promising applications in the fields of medicine, pharmaceutics, material science and paint industry. 23 They can be used as photonic crystals, support for catalysts, 24 anodes in secondary lithium ion batteries, lubricants, hydrogen storage media, 25 and so on.…”