Hydrothermal “route” to pure phase ZrO2. Interfacial reactivity by XPS and electrochemical determinations

The influence of chemical and thermal treatment on the point of zero charge of hydrous zirconium oxide

“…4 and 5). 19,21,24,28 The increase in thermal treatment temperature from 385 to about 1070 K increased the pH pzc of sample 1 from 6.6±0.1 to 9.0±0.3. The sample calcinated at 1273 K (or above) was monoclinic.…”

Preparation and characterization of nanosized zirconium (hydrous) oxide particles

“…1(a)] yields an isoelectric point (i.e.p.) 3,9,10,13,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The observed i.e.p. 4(a)].…”

“…Common methods for the preparation of fine particles of zirconia include hydrolysis of Zr-alkoxide solutions, 4,5 of aerosol droplets of Zr-alkoxide 6 or ZrO(NO 3 ) 2 solutions, 7 or of zirconium salt solutions by urea, 8,9 hydrothermal precipitation from gels, [10][11][12][13] aqueous precipitation-phase extraction route, 14 and the microwave heating of zirconium salt solutions. 15 This study describes the preparation of uniform nanosized zirconium (hydrous) oxide particles by precipitation in homogeneous solutions of ZrCl 4 in the presence of triethanolamine.…”

Synthesis and characterization of Ce and Er doped ZrO2 nanoparticles as solar light driven photocatalysts

“…As it can be seen there is not a clear trend in the phase concentration according to the presence of the oxides doping, comparing these XPS data with the XRD one. This may be due to the fact that on the surface the concentration of defects and dangling bonds is higher, especially for the monoclinic phase, as reported by S. Ardizzone et al [32], so XPS is more sensitive to these non-crystalline structures. Even though m-ZrO 2 is the stable bulk phase below 1300 K, the t-ZrO 2 phase can be thermodynamically preferred in nano-sized systems because of its relatively low surface energy [33].…”