Hydrothermal processes in industry

An overview into advantages and applications of conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design

“…This critical review provides an overview of the main advantages related to conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo) thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design. This versatile synthetic strategy has been industrially used since the nineteenth century, making it possible to obtain several crystals with a high level of purity that in turn cannot be achieved by other synthetic methods [61]. Hence, it has widely been accepted that these hydro(solvo)thermal strategies have revolutionized the growth of high-quality single crystals.…”

“…The first example related to the use of this approach to materials synthesis was reported by Bunsen in 1845 to produce needles of high-crystallinity barium and strontium carbonate (BaCO 3 and SrCO 3 ) using temperatures 200 C and high pressures (at about 100e150 bars) [60]. Since then, as is well known, these hydro(solvo)thermal approaches have been industrially used since the nineteenth century to obtain of a huge variety of new materials with high crystallinity and purity [61]. Since then, several hydro(solvo)thermal synthesis applications have been widely developed in the literature, practically for all classes of advanced materials studied is possible to find a protocol based on this strategy [36,62e72].…”

An overview into advantages and applications of conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design

“…This critical review provides an overview of the main advantages related to conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches for novel advanced materials design. This versatile synthetic strategy has been industrially used since the nineteenth century, making it possible to obtain several crystals with a high level of purity that in turn cannot be achieved by other synthetic methods [548]. We can highlight that, although there are a lot of unknowns on the anisotropic crystal growth, the conventional and unconventional hydro(solvo)thermal approaches are relatively simples and low-costs and have displayed a prominent role in the development and discovery of new advanced materials with entirely new physical/chemical properties and unique multi-functionalities for many technological applications.…”

Electronic, Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of CsPbX3 Powders (X = Cl, Br, and I) Prepared Using a Surfactant-Free Hydrothermal Approach

“…For this reason, many recent studies have used mechanochemical methods for the production of large amounts of perovskite crystals, which is a well-known synthetic strategy for the preparation of solvent-free materials [32][33][34]. Despite this, it is important to highlight here that the hydrothermal method makes it possible to easy obtain of huge variety of materials with a high level of purity and unique properties, which most of the time cannot be achieved via other synthetic methods [35,36]. Hence, the hydrothermal method is an interesting choice to meet the development of a surfactant-free lead halide perovskites crystals synthesis with practical applications, with the advantage of easy tailoring desired parameters based on the tuning of the synthesis conditions and, in turn, the final material properties, thus enlarging the window of applications [24][25][26][27][28][29]31].…”