Hydrothermal Processes Associated with Meteorite Impacts

Pirajno, Franco

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8613-7_11

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The average concentrations of Mn in Near and Far areas were 544.63 and 643.84 mg kg −1 , respectively. The increased concentration of Mn in the Far area may result from the fact that during ore genesis (IOCG mineralization type), Mn, which has normally a high solubility, is transported laterally by hydrothermal fluids and then precipitated further up in the intrusion, or distal to it (Barnes 1997; Pirajno 2009). The Mann-Whitney test showed that there were significant differences between Mn and Pb concentrations in Near and Far areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in tailings, soils, and plants around Gol-E-Gohar iron mine, a case study in Iran

Soltani

Keshavarzi

Moore

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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This study investigated the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn in 102 soils (in the Near and Far areas of the mine), 7 tailings, and 60 plant samples (shoots and roots of Artemisia sieberi and Zygophylum species) collected at the Gol-E-Gohar iron ore mine in Iran. The elemental concentrations in tailings and soil samples (in Near and Far areas) varied between 7.4 and 35.8 mg kg−1 for As (with a mean of 25.39 mg kg−1 for tailings), 7.9 and 261.5 mg kg−1 (mean 189.83 mg kg−1 for tailings) for Co, 17.7 and 885.03 mg kg−1 (mean 472.77 mg kg−1 for tailings) for Cu, 12,500 and 400,000 mg kg−1 (mean 120,642.86 mg kg−1 for tailings) for Fe, and 28.1 and 278.1 mg kg−1 (mean 150.29 mg kg−1 for tailings) for Ni. A number of physicochemical parameters and pollution index for soils were determined around the mine. Sequential extractions of tailings and soil samples indicated that Fe, Cr, and Co were the least mobile and that Mn, Zn, Cu, and As were potentially available for plants uptake. Similar to soil, the concentration of Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, and Zn in plant samples decreased with the distance from the mining/processing areas. Data on plants showed that metal concentrations in shoots usually exceeded those in roots and varied significantly between the two investigated species (Artemisia sieberi > Zygophylum). All the reported results suggest that the soil and plants near the iron ore mine are contaminated with PTEs and that they can be potentially dispersed in the environment via aerosol transport and deposition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in tailings, soils, and plants around Gol-E-Gohar iron mine, a case study in Iran

Soltani

Keshavarzi

Moore

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Impact‐generated hydrothermal activity has been reported from a number of terrestrial impact craters (Newsom ; Naumov ; Pirajno ; Osinski et al. ; and references therein), from large impact structures 200–250 km in diameter, such as the Sudbury structure (e.g., Ames et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, ), to smaller craters of only 1.8 km in diameter (e.g., Lonar crater; Newsom and Hagerty ). The thermal energy driving these hydrothermal systems is derived from (1) the remnant heat of impact melts or melt‐bearing rocks and (2) the hot sections of the central uplift with rocks from initially greater depths (Pirajno ). So far, no evidence has been provided that impact‐generated magmatism could create hydrothermal fluid convection on (the post‐Hadean) Earth independent from impact melts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impact-generated hydrothermal activity has been reported from a number of terrestrial impact craters (Newsom 1980;Naumov 2002;Pirajno 2009a;Osinski et al 2013; and references therein), from large impact structures 200-250 km in diameter, such as the Sudbury structure (e.g., Ames et al 1998Ames et al , 2006, to smaller craters of only 1.8 km in diameter (e.g., Lonar crater; Newsom and Hagerty 2003). The thermal energy driving these hydrothermal systems is derived from (1) the remnant heat of impact melts or melt-bearing rocks and (2) the hot sections of the central uplift with rocks from initially greater depths (Pirajno 2009a). So far, no evidence has been provided that impact-generated magmatism could create hydrothermal fluid convection on (the post-Hadean) Earth independent from impact melts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New evidence for persistent impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the Miocene Ries impact structure, Germany

Arp

Kolepka

Simon

et al. 2013

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-The extent of impact-generated hydrothermal activity in the 24 km sized Ries impact structure has been controversially discussed. To date, mineralogical and isotopic investigations point to a restriction of hydrothermal activity to the impact-melt bearing breccias, specifically the crater-fill suevite. Here, we present new petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic data of postimpact carbonate deposits, which indicate a hydrothermal activity more extended than previously assumed. Specifically, carbonates of the Erbisberg, a spring mound located upon the inner crystalline ring of the crater, show travertine facies types not seen in any of the previously investigated sublacustrine soda lake spring mounds of the Ries basin. In particular, the streamer carbonates, which result from the encrustation of microbial filaments in subaerial spring effluents between 60 and 70°C, are characteristic of a hydrothermal origin. While much of the primary geochemical and isotopic signatures in the mound carbonates have been obliterated by diagenesis, a postimpact calcite vein from brecciated gneiss of the subsurface crater floor revealed a flat rare earth element pattern with a clear positive Eu anomaly, indicating a hydrothermal fluid convection in the crater basement. Finally, the strontium isotope stratigraphic correlation of the travertine mound with the crater basin succession suggests a hydrothermal activity for about 250,000 yr after the impact, which would be much longer than previously assumed.

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“…Aside from that, similar to central uplifts, ring structures are potential sites where surface deposits and near-surface alteration of shattered target rocks by impact-induced hydrothermal fluid convection can be studied (Osinski et al 2001Pirajno 2009). Clear evidence of postimpact hydrothermal activity in impact structures first came from the investigation of Ries suevite deposits (Newsom et al 1986;Osinski 2005;Muttik et al 2011;Sapers et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Erbisberg drilling 2011: Implications for the structure and postimpact evolution of the inner ring of the Ries impact crater

Arp

Reimer

Simon

et al. 2019

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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The 26 km diameter Nördlinger Ries is a complex impact structure with a ring structure that resembles a peak ring. A first research drilling through this “inner crystalline ring” of the Ries was performed at the Erbisberg hill (SW Ries) to better understand the internal structure and lithology of this feature, and possibly reveal impact‐induced hydrothermal alteration. The drill core intersected the slope of a 22 m thick postimpact travertine mound, before entering 42 m of blocks and breccias of crystalline rocks excavated from the Variscan basement at >500 m depth. Weakly shocked gneiss blocks that show that shock pressure did not exceed 5 GPa occur above polymict lithic breccias of shock stage Ia (10–20 GPa), with planar fractures and planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz. Only a narrow zone at 49.20–50.00 m core depth exhibits strong mosaicism in feldspar and {10true1false¯2} PDFs in quartz, which are indicative of shock stage Ib (20–35 GPa). Finally, 2 m of brecciated Keuper sediments at the base of the section point to an inverse layering of strata. While reverse grading of clast sizes in lithic breccias and gneiss blocks is consistent with lateral transport, the absence of diaplectic glass and melt products argues against dynamic overthrusting of material from a collapsing central peak, as seen in the much larger Chicxulub structure. Indeed, weakly shocked gneiss blocks are rather of local provenance (i.e., the transient crater wall), whereas moderately shocked polymict lithic breccias with geochemical composition and 87Sr/86Sr signature similar to Ries suevite were derived from a position closer to the impact center. Thus, the inner ring of the Ries is formed by moderately shocked polymict lithic breccias likely injected into the transient crater wall during the excavation stage and weakly shocked gneiss blocks of the collapsing transient crater wall that were emplaced during the modification stage. While the presence of an overturned flap is not evident from the Erbisberg drilling, a survey of all drillings at or near the inner ring point to inverted strata throughout its outer limb. Whether the central ring of the Ries represents remains of a collapsed central peak remains to be shown. Postimpact hydrothermal alteration along the Erbisberg section comprises chloritization, sulfide veinlets, and strong carbonatization. In addition, a narrow zone in the lower parts of the polymict lithic breccia sequence shows a positive Eu anomaly in its carbonate phase. The surface expression of this hydrothermal activity, i.e., the travertine mound, comprises subaerial as well as subaquatic growth phases. Intercalated lake sediments equivalent to the early parts of the evolution of the central crater basin succession confirm a persistent impact‐generated hydrothermal activity, although for less time than previously suggested.

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Hydrothermal Processes Associated with Meteorite Impacts

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in tailings, soils, and plants around Gol-E-Gohar iron mine, a case study in Iran

Distribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in tailings, soils, and plants around Gol-E-Gohar iron mine, a case study in Iran

New evidence for persistent impact‐generated hydrothermal activity in the Miocene Ries impact structure, Germany

The Erbisberg drilling 2011: Implications for the structure and postimpact evolution of the inner ring of the Ries impact crater

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