Fucoxanthin is a high‐added‐value carotenoid compound. It has been extracted from marine sources by various extraction methods in different countries. Fucoxanthin finds application in areas such as the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries. However, recent research has shown that fucoxanthin has anticancer, antioxidant, anti‐obesity, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic and neuroprotective activities, which suggest its use as a food supplement. Finally, this review aims to show the latest advances of fucoxanthin from seaweeds in the extraction process, chemical characterization and bioactivities in the development of third‐generation biorefineries and circular bioeconomy. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).