Hydrothermal pressure-temperature control on CO2 emissions and seismicity at Campi Flegrei (Italy)

Chiodini, Giovanni; Caliro, Stefano; Avino, R.; Bini, Giulio; Giudicepietro, Flora; Cesare, W. De; Ricciolino, Patrizia; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Cardellini, Carlo; Petrillo, Zaccaria; Selva, Jacopo; Siniscalchi, Agata; Tripaldi, Simona

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107245

Cited by 57 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Actually, in Ischia the seismicity is distributed along fault zones, predominantly in the northern sector of the Island (Casamicciola Terme), whereas in Vesuvius most of the seismicity is concentrated below the crater, outlining a continuous axial structure that coincides with the fluid path from the deep hydrothermal system, where we also located the November 16, 2020 LP event, toward the emission zones (Frondini et al, 2004). A similar pattern can be recognized also at Campi Flegrei, where earthquakes are mainly concentrated below the high hydrothermal fluid emission area of the Solfatara in Pozzuoli (Chiodini et al, 2001b;Cardellini et al, 2017;Chiodini et al, 2021). In particular the relocations of the April 26, 2020 earthquakes, compared with those of two swarms that occurred in 2015 and 2019 (Figure 7) (Giudicepietro et al, 2021), confirm that the main seismic swarms in Campi Flegrei delineate a conduit-like path through which hydrothermal fluids transfer from depth to Solfatara-Pisciarelli area.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Nevertheless all of these volcanoes also show similarities. In all three volcanoes we can recognize an essential contribution of hydrothermal systems in the generation of earthquakes (Chiodini et al, 2004;D'Auria et al, 2011;D'Auria et al, 2018;Chiodini et al, 2021). This condition has also been recognized in other volcanoes, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Typically the relatively high magnitude events (Md max 3.3) of the swarms occurred in Solfatara-Pisciarelli area, and in particular for the three main swarms considered in this work (Oct 2015, Dec 2019 and Apr 2020), are deeper than those of the ordinary Campi Flegrei seismicity (Chiodini et al, 2021). In the December 6, 2019 swarm a clear migration of the hypocenters toward the surface was also observed (Giudicepietro et al, 2021).…”

Section: Campi Flegrei Seismicitymentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The analysis of the swarm of April 26, 2020 (the most remarkable in terms of energy in the last 37 years) carried out in this paper highlights a further reactivation of the conduit-like seismogenic structure, on which are located the largest earthquakes occurred after the 1982-84 crisis in the Campi Flegrei. This structure develops from the depth in line with the hydrothermal area of Pisciarelli, the most significant fumarolic manifestation of the Phlegraean caldera, which is among the most important volcanic emissions in the world (Chiodini et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Campi Flegrei caldera is also characterized by an intense hydrothermal activity highlighted by the emission of large amounts of deeply derived gases from soil diffuse degassing and from strong fumarolic vents at Solfatara-Pisciarelli (Chiodini et al, 2001a;D'Auria et al, 2011;Chiodini et al, 2012;Amoruso et al, 2014;Cardellini et al, 2017;Tamburello et al, 2019). Seismic activity is currently increasing and it is mainly concentrated in the same hydrothermal sites of Solfatara-Pisciarelli, with hypocentral depths rarely exceeding 2 km and M < 3.3 (Chiodini et al, 2021;Giudicepietro et al, 2021;Tramelli et al, 2021).…”

Section: Campi Flegreimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Campi Flegrei, Vesuvius and Ischia Seismicity in the Context of the Neapolitan Volcanic Area

et al. 2021

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Studying seismicity in a volcanic environment provides important information on the state of activity of volcanoes. The seismicity of the Neapolitan volcanoes, Campi Flegrei, Vesuvius, and Ischia, shows distinctive characteristics for each volcano, covering a wide range of patterns and types. In this study we relocated some significant volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms that occurred in Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius. Moreover, we compared the earthquake occurrence evolution, the magnitude and the seismic energy release of the three volcanoes. Also, we considered the results of seismic analysis in the light of geochemical and ground deformation data that contribute to defining the state of activity of volcanoes. In Campi Flegrei, which is experiencing a long term unrest, we identified a seismogenic structure at shallow depth in Pisciarelli zone that has been activated repeatedly. The increasing seismicity accompanies an escalation of the hydrothermal activity and a ground uplift phase. At Vesuvius a very shallow seismicity is recorded, which in recent years has shown an increase in terms of the number of events per year. Earthquakes are usually located right beneath the crater axis. They are concentrated in a volume affected by the hydrothermal system. Finally, Ischia generally shows a low level of seismicity, however, in Casamicciola area events with a moderate magnitude can occur and these are potentially capable of causing severe damage to the town and population, due to their small hypocentral depth (typically < 2.5 km). After the seismic crisis of August 21, 2017 (mainshock magnitude M = 4), the seismicity returned to a low level in terms of occurrence rate and magnitude of earthquakes. The seismicity of these three different volcanic areas shows some common aspects that highlight a relevant role of hydrothermal processes in the seismogenesis of volcanic areas. However, while the main swarms in Campi Flegrei and most of the Vesuvian earthquakes are distributed along conduit-like structures, the seismicity of Ischia is mainly located along faults. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of seismicity in Neapolitan volcanic area suggests a concomitant increase in the occurrence of earthquakes both in Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius in recent years.

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