Hydrothermal liquefaction of the brown macro-alga Laminaria Saccharina: Effect of reaction conditions on product distribution and composition

Anastasakis, Konstantinos; Ross, Andrew B.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.031

Cited by 432 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Feed concentrations in batch HTL studies [11,20] have been shown to have minimal effect on the product yields, but it is clear from Figure 5 that yields at the lowest concentrations employed in this work (1 wt% biomass) are significantly lower than those at higher concentrations. Only above about 5 wt% do the yields become essentially independent of slurry concentration -the losses arising at lower concentrations are considered in more detail in terms of the overall carbon balance in section 3.3.3.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The effect of increasing residence time at the lower biomass loadings had minor impact on the bio-crude yields obtained from both strains and thus was not further investigated at the higher concentrations. Under slowly-heated batch HTL conditions, the residence time for maximal bio-crude production has been reported to be in the range 15 minutes (brown macroalgae, [20]) to 60 minutes (Spirulina platensis, [11]). …”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

et al. 2013

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We describe a pilot plant for continuous hydrothermal processing of biomass. Results were obtained for two microalgae strains, Chlorella and Spirulina, across a range of biomass loadings (1-10 wt%), temperatures (250-350 °C), residence times (3-5 minutes) and pressures (150-200 bar). Overall, the biocrude yields were found to increase with higher biomass loading, higher temperature and longer residence time. More severe reaction conditions also reduced the oxygen content of the bio-crude, while the nitrogen content was found to increase with higher temperatures, indicating an increase in the bio-crude production from the protein fraction of the algae. The maximum bio-crude yield obtained was 41.7 wt% for processing Chlorella with a solids loading of 10 wt% at 350 °C and 3 minutes residence time. The present results suggest maximal yields may be obtained in much shorter residence times under continuous flow hydrothermal processing than batch studies have suggested. The maximal yield, however, may not be optimal in terms of properties.A substantial fraction of the feedstock carbon reported to the aqueous phase -this was up to 60% but decreased to 30% at the highest biomass loadings. Gas production (>90 mol% CO 2 ) increased with severity of processing, reaching up to 5% of the feedstock carbon. Finally, the solid yields consistently decreased with increasing temperatures and residence times.

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Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefaction Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

et al. 2013

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“…As determined by Anastasakis and Ross 42 and Jena et al, 43 residence time significantly impacts biocrude yields in batch reactors. However, residence time did not play a large role in biocrude production during our pilot-scale continuous-flow HTL tests.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot-Scale Continuous-Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Filamentous Fungi

2016

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This study examined the potential of using the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oligosporus as a feedstock for hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The fungal biomass, cultivated in thin stillage from a corn ethanol plant, was processed at pilot-scale using a 1.5-L capacity continuous-flow HTL system. HTL operating conditions of 300−400°C at 27 MPa for 12−30 min were tested. Biocrude yields ranging from 48.2 to 60.9% were obtained. At low reaction temperatures (300°C), yields as high as 59.9% could still be achieved. Aside from the least severe reaction condition studied (300°C, 12 min), neither the yield nor elemental composition of the biocrude was significantly impacted by residence time or temperature, as is typically seen with batch reactors. Similarities in the biochemical and elemental composition between R. oligosporus and microalgae resulted in biocrude yields that were comparable to those previously reported for continuous-flow systems using microalgae. These findings demonstrate the viability of using fungal biomass as a feedstock for the HTL process, and they show that lower temperatures can be used at pilot-scale while still achieving maximal yields.

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“…In addition, it demonstrated that during this process, around 10-50% carbon and 50-70% nitrogen from the feedstock was released into the aqueous phase (AP). The comparatively high level of carbon and nitrogen in the AP are generally unsuitable to be directly discharged to the environment without additional treatment (Anastasakis and Ross, 2011;Garcia Alba et al, 2013). Sending the organic and nutrient rich HTL AP back for algae cultivation can allow for multiple cycles of algal growth on each unit of http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.118 0960-8524/Ó 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Gai

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

109

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h i g h l i g h t sHydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae C. pyrenoidosa. t r a c tThis study investigated the characteristics of aqueous phase from hydrothermal liquefaction of low-lipid microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The interactions of operating conditions, including reaction temperature, retention time and total solid ratio were evaluated by response surface methodology. The chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were selected as indicators of the property of AP. Results indicated that total solid ratio was found to be the dominant factor affecting the nutrient recovery efficiencies of AP. Based on energy recovery, GC-MS indicated that the AP at two optimized operating conditions (280°C, 60 min, 35 wt.% and 300°C, 60 min, 25 wt.%) were observed to have a higher concentration of organic acids (10.35% and 8.34%) while the sample (260°C, 30 min, 35 wt.%) was observed to have the highest concentration of N&O-heterocyclic compounds (36.16%).

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of the brown macro-alga Laminaria Saccharina: Effect of reaction conditions on product distribution and composition

Cited by 432 publications

References 31 publications

Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Pilot plant testing of continuous hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae

Pilot-Scale Continuous-Flow Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Filamentous Fungi

Characterization of aqueous phase from the hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

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