Hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds in water medium for bio-oil production

Yang, Linxi; Nazari, Laleh; Yuan, Zhongshun; Corscadden, Kenneth; Xu, Chunbao; He, Quan

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.02.005

Cited by 153 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Starting as early as the 1970s but increasing significantly over the past decade, research groups at universities and national laboratories around the world have been investigating HTL of a variety of biomass feed types, such as woody biomass (Schaleger et al, 1982;Haarlemmer et al, 2016;Tran et al, 2017), plant biomass (Zhang et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2015;Yan et al, 2016), food processing waste (Minowa et al, 1995;Yang et al, 2016;Posmanik et al, 2017), agricultural waste (Chan et al, 2014;Singh et al, 2015;Zhu et al, 2017), animal manure (Xiu et al, 2010;Theegala and Midgett, 2012), pulp/paper sludge (Xu and Lancaster, 2008), and algae Neveux et al, 2014;Faeth et al, 2016). Previous work in CHG over the same period has looked at conversion of agricultural waste (Pei et al, 2009) and industrial wastewater (Seif et al, 2016) to hydrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Marrone

Elliott²,

Billing³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification (CHG) proof-of-concept bench-scale tests were performed to assess the potential of hydrothermal treatment for handling municipal wastewater sludge. HTL tests were conducted at 300 to 350 °C and 20 MPa on three different feeds: primary sludge, secondary sludge, and digested solids. Corresponding CHG tests were conducted at 350 °C and 20 MPa on the HTL aqueous phase output using a ruthenium-based catalyst. Biocrude yields ranged from 25 to 37%. Biocrude composition and quality were comparable to biocrudes generated from algae feeds. Subsequent hydrotreating of biocrude resulted in a product with comparable physical and chemical properties to crude oil. CHG product gas methane yields on a carbon basis ranged from 47 to 64%. Siloxane concentrations in the CHG product gas were below engine limits. The HTL-CHG process resulted in a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of > 99.9% and a reduction in residual solids for disposal of 94 to 99%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Marrone

Elliott²,

Billing³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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“…Key aspects of process development in terms of catalyst performance and stability should also be investigated . Ultimately, direct liquefaction to improve the quality of bio‐oil requires less upgrading and would reduce diluent costs …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86 Ultimately, direct liquefaction to improve the quality of bio-oil requires less upgrading and would reduce diluent costs. [115][116][117] In this study, the model assumes solid contents of ~8.2% in the slurry; this would need a larger reactor volume to handle water during the HTL process. Hence, further research needs to consider scale-up and the feasibility of pumping slurry with high solids content.…”

Section: Challenges and Key Insightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for the production of diluents for bitumen transport

Kumar

Oyedun

Kumar

2017

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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This study explores the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wood chips to biocrude followed by upgrading to diluents, which are used to transport bitumen through pipelines. In this study, we considered a 2000 dry t day−1 plant capacity with two scenarios. The first scenario uses hydrogen for upgrading from the on‐site hydrogen production plant (i.e., the hydrogen production scenario) and the other relies on procuring hydrogen from an external source (i.e., the hydrogen purchase scenario). We developed a data‐intensive process model for HTL and used it to estimate plant capital costs. Project investment costs for the hydrogen production and hydrogen purchase scenarios are 559.67 and 429.13 M $, respectively. The product values (PV) of the diluent from the two scenarios are 0.98 ± 0.03 and 0.79 ± 0.03 $ L−1, respectively, at a 95% confidence interval. The sensitivity analysis shows that diluent yield and internal rate of return (IRR) have the highest impact on the PV of the diluent, followed by capital cost and biomass cost. The optimum plant size at which the cost of production is lowest is 4000 dry t day−1 for PVs of 0.82 $ L−1 and 0.68 $ L−1 for the hydrogen production and purchase scenarios, respectively. This study offers insights into the techno‐economic feasibility of producing diluents from HTL. The results of the study could help in the production of diluents for bitumen transportation for the oil sands industry and help reduce the overall greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint of the oil and gas sector. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…The continuous HTL was done at a feed rate of 120 L/h, which translates into a residence time of 10 min for the HTL run. The yield obtained when using a residence time of 10 min was 28.5% and 15.2% for the bio-crude and the bio-char respectively Yang et al [11] did batch HTL on SCG in water to test the effect on the yield of the bio-oil at different reaction parameters. The study concluded that a shorter retention time gave the best bio-oil yield, which was 31.63%.…”

Section: ) Continuous Htl Oil Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock

Rensburg¹,

Schabort²

2018

ASETH-18,ACABES-18 &Amp; EBHSSS-18 Nov. 19-20 2018 Cape Town (South Africa)

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This study focuses on bio-oil obtained from spent coffee grounds, either by reflux extraction or continuous hydrothermal liquefaction. Spent coffee grounds was chosen as feedstock for this study as it is available around the world and considered a second generation feedstock, as it is a food waste. The production of coffee in 2017 was more than 9.5 million tons, which translates into an increase of 2.3% from 2016. A large portion of coffee beans end up as spent coffee grounds during the production of instant coffee, making this waste product an ideal feedstock for the biofuel industry. Spent coffee grounds was collected from a local coffee shop in Potchefstroom and used as feedstock in the production and extraction of bio-oil from the spent coffee grounds. Reflux extraction was done on the dried spent coffee grounds using hexane, ethanol and acetone as solvents. Different retention times were investigated for each solvent and the yield of the oil was reported. The maximum yield 11.7 wt% was obtained when hexane was used as a solvent. Continuous hydrothermal liquefaction was done using spent coffee grounds as a feedstock and a bio-crude yield of 28.5 wt% was obtained. The average higher heating value of the extracted oils was 39 MJ/kg, while the higher heating value for the hydrothermal liquefaction oil was a bit lower at 36 MJ/kg.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of spent coffee grounds in water medium for bio-oil production

Abstract: Spent coffee grounds (SCG) were liquefied in hot-compressed water to produce crude bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) in a 100 cm 3 stainless-steel autoclave reactor in N 2 atmosphere. We investigated the effects of operating parameters such as retention times (5 min,

Cited by 153 publications

References 56 publications

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass for the production of diluents for bitumen transport

A Comparison of Batch Extracted Bio-oil and Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction Bio-oil using Spent Coffee Grounds as Biomass Feedstock

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