Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions

Qian, Lili; Wang, Shuzhong; Savage, Phillip E.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.017

Cited by 157 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Huang et al (2013) performed HTL tests with sewage sludge in a batch-scale stirred tank reactor and compared results to tests performed with microalgae and rice straw under identical conditions. In studies performed concurrent with or after that presented in this paper, Malins et al (2015) and Qian et al (2017) explored the effects of several key operating variables on HTL of sewage sludge in batch reactors, while Nazari et al (2017) explored batch co-reaction of sludge and sawdust. Afif et al (2011) performed bench-scale CHG tests directly with an activated sludge feed and Raney nickel catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Marrone

Elliott²,

Billing³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) and Catalytic Hydrothermal Gasification (CHG) proof-of-concept bench-scale tests were performed to assess the potential of hydrothermal treatment for handling municipal wastewater sludge. HTL tests were conducted at 300 to 350 °C and 20 MPa on three different feeds: primary sludge, secondary sludge, and digested solids. Corresponding CHG tests were conducted at 350 °C and 20 MPa on the HTL aqueous phase output using a ruthenium-based catalyst. Biocrude yields ranged from 25 to 37%. Biocrude composition and quality were comparable to biocrudes generated from algae feeds. Subsequent hydrotreating of biocrude resulted in a product with comparable physical and chemical properties to crude oil. CHG product gas methane yields on a carbon basis ranged from 47 to 64%. Siloxane concentrations in the CHG product gas were below engine limits. The HTL-CHG process resulted in a chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of > 99.9% and a reduction in residual solids for disposal of 94 to 99%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Marrone

Elliott²,

Billing³

et al. 2018

Water Environment Research

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show abstract

“…In the present study, for the first time harmful macroalgal blooms were used in HTL process for biocrude oil production. High-temperature (300–500 °C with holding time of 30–60 min) based HTL process for the conversion of biomass to bio-crude oil have been reported in previous studies 27,28 . However, the low-temperature (250–290) HTL process is still in the trial stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Low-temperature catalyst based Hydrothermal liquefaction of harmful Macroalgal blooms, and aqueous phase nutrient recycling by microalgae

Kumar

Chauhan

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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The present study investigates the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of harmful green macroalgal blooms at a temperature of 270 °C with, and without a catalyst with a holding time of 45 min. The effect of different catalysts on the HTL product yield was also studied. Two separation methods were used for recovering the biocrude oil yield from the solid phase. On comparision with other catalyst, Na 2 CO 3 was found to produce higher yiled of bio-oil. The total bio-oil yield was 20.10% with Na 2 CO 3 , 18.74% with TiO 2 , 17.37% with CaO, and 14.6% without a catalyst. The aqueous phase was analyzed for TOC, COD, TN, and TP to determine the nutrient enrichment of water phase for microalgae cultivation. Growth of four microalgae strains viz ., Chlorella Minutissima , Chlorella sorokiniana UUIND6, Chlorella singularis UUIND5 and Scenedesmus abundans in the aqueous phase were studied, and compared with a standard growth medium. The results indicate that harmful macroalgal blooms are a suitable feedstock for HTL, and its aqueous phase offers a promising nutrient source for microalgae.

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“…In addition, it is reported that compared to dry sludge, exploiting wet sludge able to decrease the consumption of energy by 30% [81]. The challenge in the production of quality bio-oil using dewatered sewage sludge is the high moisture content which is higher than 85% [82]. There are several studies conducted in the attempt to reduce the moisture content in sludge which include the use of dry straw [83], co-liquefaction [84], n-hexane to isolate bound water [85], methanol for extraction of extracellular polymeric substances [86] and SCW pre-treatment to break up sludge cells resulting the relief of bound and surface water [87].…”

Section: Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste to bioenergy: a review on the recent conversion technologies

et al. 2019

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Scientific studies have demonstrated that it is possible to generate a wide variety of bioenergy from biomass residues and waste, and however its cost is not competitive with petro-fuels and other renewable energy. Ongoing efforts are continued extensively to improve conversion technologies in order to reduce production costs. The present review focuses on the conversion technologies for transforming biomass residues and waste to biofuels, specifically their technological concepts, options and prospects for implementation are addressed. The emerging developments in the two primary conversion pathways, namely the thermochemical (i.e. gasification, liquefaction, and pyrolysis) and biochemical (i.e. anaerobic digestion, alcoholic fermentation and photobiological hydrogen production) conversion techniques, are evaluated. Additionally, transesterification, which appears to be the simplest and most economical route to produce biodiesel in large quantity, is discussed. Lastly, the strategies for direct conversion of biomass residues and waste to bioelectricity including the use of combustion and microbial fuel cells are reviewed.

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of sewage sludge under isothermal and fast conditions

Cited by 157 publications

References 31 publications

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Bench‐Scale Evaluation of Hydrothermal Processing Technology for Conversion of Wastewater Solids to Fuels

Low-temperature catalyst based Hydrothermal liquefaction of harmful Macroalgal blooms, and aqueous phase nutrient recycling by microalgae

Waste to bioenergy: a review on the recent conversion technologies

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